摘要
在重新分析有关集体行动的各种经典描述和简化模型的基础上,首先从资源/资本、人性、产品和组织四个角度分别探讨了为当前学界研究所忽视的导致集体行动困境的各种深层原因;进而,在抽象社区和五个基本社会行动者的简单理论假设的前提下,从“产品-制度”分析(PIA)的角度系统探讨了解决集体行动的各种理想模型——四种自主治理模式(社区治理模型、俱乐部治理模型、优势群体治理模型和私有化治理模型)和四种他助治理模式(政府治理模型、企业治理模型、学者型治理模型和伦理道德型治理模型),描述了集体行动的社区治理类型树,主张在各种理想或元模型的基础上通过构建多元协作性社区治理机制来解决社区集体行动困境;最后,通过对社区内外因素、社区内部机制、“产品-行动”框、行动者在特定外部影响因素下的选择机制,以及产品性质和其他特征如何影响博弈理论分析框架的诸种变量的逐一分析,发展了不同治理模式选择的规范模型(同时可以看作是一个基本的政策或决策分析框架),并进行了简单的例证分析。
Through reanalyzing the classical descriptions of collective action(the tragedy of the commons, the tragedy of the public land, the prisoner's dilemma, the free-rider problem, the externality, and the theory of public goods)and simplified models (the government model, the privatization model, and the self-governance model), this article firstly explores different underlying and often neglected reasons leading to the dilemma of collective action from four perspectives respectively: the resource/capital, the human nature, the product, and the organization. Then, under the assumption of an abstract community with five types of social actors, from the perspective of 'product-institutional' analysis (PIA), this article systematically analyzes different ideal models of resolving collective action-four kinds of self-governance modes(the community governance model, the club governance model, the privileged-group governance model, and the privatization governance model) and four kinds of other-help governance modes(the government governance model, the firm governance model, the scholar-based governance model, and the ethic governance model), describes the typology tree of the community governance of collective action, and suggests that we must have developed a multiple-collaborative-community-governance system to resolve the dilemma of the community's collective action basing on different ideal or proto-models. Finally, through sequentially examining the internal and external factors of the community, its inner mechanism, the 'product-action' frame, the actors' choice mechanism influenced by particular external factors, and the different variables of the game theoretical analysis framework influenced by the nature of the products and their other characteristics, this article develops a normative model for selecting different governance modes, which can also be deemed as a basic framework of policy or decision-making analysis, with a simple case study.
出处
《公共管理学报》
2007年第2期6-23,共18页
Journal of Public Management
关键词
集体行动
多元协作性社区治理机制
自主治理模型
他助治理模型
Collective Action
the Multi-Collaborative Community Governance System
the Self-Governance Model
the Other-Help Governance Model
