摘要
[目的]探讨上海市奉贤区1961—2005年甲、乙类传染病的发病趋势及相关传染病的防控策略。[方法]采用描述性流行病学方法分析奉贤区1961—2005年甲、乙类传染病的流行趋势。[结果]发病率最高是1962年,为7628.83/10万,因疟疾发病数激增而出现一发病高峰,随后疫情大幅回落。而70年代因肠道传染病(急性病毒性肝炎、细菌性痢疾)高发而有所回升,80年代开始疫情稳步回落。90年代后发病率基本保持稳定,最低是1992年,为235.08/10万。发病率虽有波动,但总体呈下降趋势。20世纪60年代以虫媒传染病为主,疟疾的发病率为首位,而70—80年代以肠道传染病占绝对优势,急性肝炎为首位,90年代肠道传染病的发病率有所回落,但急性肝炎仍居首位,而性传播传染病自90年代开始报告以来呈上升趋势,至21世纪淋病上升到了首位,1999年出现首例艾滋病报告。[结论]奉贤区传染病疾病谱已经发生了根本改变,我们必须与时俱进,使我们的工作从简单的传染病报告到主动监测,以适应不断变化的传染病疫情。
[ Objective ] To analyze the incidence trend of group A and group B infectious diseases in the past 45 years in Shanghai Fengxian District in order to provide preventive and control strategy. [ Methods] Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic trend of group A and group B infectious disease from 1961 to 2005 in Fengxian. [ Results] The highest morbidity was 7628.83/100,000 in 1962 . It showed an incidence peak owing to a sharp increase of malaria. Mterwards, the epidemic situation receded. Because of the high incidence of faecal - oral transmitted diseases （ acute viral hepatitis, bacterial dysentery） , the morbidity climbed to a small peak in the 1970s and started to recede steadily in the 1980s. in the 1990s the morbidity remained approximately stable and it reached the lowest point of 235.08/100,000 in 1992. Although fluctuating, the morbidity had a downward tendency. The vector - borne parasitic diseases were the chief infectious diseases in which malaria ranked the first in the 1960s. In the 1970s - 1980s faecal - oral transmitted diseases occupied the absolute superiority and acute viral hepatitis ranked the first. The incidence of faecal - oral transmitted diseases receded in the 1990s, but acute viral hepatitis still occupied the first place. Since the 1990s sexually transmitted diseases were asked to be reported. It had an increase trend and had occupied the first place by the 21 century. In 1999 the first case of A/DS was reported. [ Conclusion] The spectrum of infectious diseases in Fengxian has already changed radically, so we should keep pace with time to transform simple infectious diseases report to active surveillance and to adapt the unceasingly change of epidemic situation.
出处
《上海预防医学》
CAS
2007年第4期153-155,共3页
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
流行趋势
防控策略
传染病
疫情
Epidemic trend
Preventive and control strategy
Infectious disease
Epidemic situation
