摘要
导致青藏高原草地退化的因子很多,主要有气候、野生动物和人类活动等。在气候因素中以气温和降水的影响为主,短期内气候的变化不会成为草地退化的主导因素,从长期来看,气候变化与草地退化之间的相互作用可引起草地生态系统的退化;野生动物因素中主要以植食性小哺乳动物的影响为主,其危害程度取决于其种群数量的高低,同时大型野生草食动物对草地退化的影响也不容忽视;人类活动因素中主要以家畜过度放牧为主,在一定程度上,家畜放牧强度的高低直接决定草地的退化程度;草地退化是多种因素综合作用的结果。不同地区导致草地退化的主要因素不尽相同,导致青藏高原草地退化最主要的因子是过度放牧和植食性小哺乳动物种群爆发。针对退化的原因,提出了青藏高原退化草地恢复与管理过程中应注意的事项。
The principal factors causing Qinghai-Tibet Plateau grassland degradation includes climate, wild life and human activities. Temperature and precipitation are the main elements within climatic. Short term climatic change is not the main factor inducing grassland degradation. From long run, interaction between climate change and grassland degradation can induce the deterioration of grassland ecological system. Small mammals are the principal element affecting grassland, and their damage mainly depend on the population densities. The impact of large, wild herbivores on grassland should not be ignored. Livestock overgrazing is another main factor, to some extent, grazing intensity directly determines the degree of grassland degradation. Although the main causes of grassland degradation vary across different regions, the main causes of grassland degradation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are overgrazing and population eruptions of small mammals. Things should be concerned in grassland rehabilitation and management were presented in allusion to the cause of degradation.
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
2007年第5期20-26,共7页
Pratacultural Science
基金
中科院中组部"西部之光"人才培养计划资助项目"青藏高原草地鼠害生态治理研究"
中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目(CXLY-2003-3)
关键词
青藏高原
草地退化
气候变化
野生动物
人类活动
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
grassland degradation
climate change
wildlife
human activities
