摘要
碳收集封存(CCS)已被广泛地认为是一种潜在的、可供选择的CO2减排方案,以稳定大气中CO2浓度、减缓气候变化.本文介绍了CCS的3大环节:碳的捕获、运输与储存,对不同捕获技术及其技术经济参数进行分析评价,介绍了不同碳地质储存的机理、潜力与成本,以及CCS的应用对全球减缓碳排放的作用.更新中国MARKAL模型,加入各种可能的CCS技术,特别是考虑CCS的煤间接液化以及多联产技术,以同时考虑石油安全与CO2减排.通过设置不同的情景,应用中国MARKAL模型研究了CCS对我国远期(到2050年)减缓CO2排放的潜在作用,结果表明,CCS技术的应用不仅可能减少我国的碳排放,降低边际碳减排成本(碳减排率50%时,下降率达45%),减轻高减排率时对核电的高度依赖,还可能使我国更长时间地清洁利用煤炭资源(在C70情景下,2050年煤在一次能源消费中的比例可从10%增到30%).我国应重视对CCS技术的研发以及示范项目的建设.
Carbon capture and storage （CCS） has been widely recognized as one of the options to mitigate carbon emission to eventually stabilize carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Three parts of CCS, which are carbon capture, transport, and storage are assessed in this paper, covering comparisons of techno-economic parameters for different carbon capture technologies, comparisons of storage mechanism, capacity and cost for various storage formations, and etc. In addition, the role of CCS to mitigate global carbon emission is introduced. Finally, China MARKAL model is updated to include various CCS technologies, especially indirect coal liquefaction and poly-generation technologies with CCS, in order to consider carbon emission reduction as well as energy security issue. The model is used to generate different scenarios to study potential role of CCS to mitigate carbon emissions by 2050 in China. It is concluded that application of CCS can decrease marginal abatement cost and the decrease rate can reach 45% for the emission reduction rate of 50%, and it can lessen the dependence on nuclear power development for stringent carbon constrains. Moreover, coal resources can be cleanly used for longer time with CCS, e. g., for the scenario C70, coal share in the primary energy consumption by 2050 will increase from 10% when without CCS to 30% when with CCS. Therefore, China should pay attention to CCS R ＆D activities and to developing demonstration projects.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第6期1178-1182,共5页
Environmental Science
基金
国家'十五'科技攻关计划项目(2004-BA611B-03-03)
关键词
CO2减排
碳收集封存
中国MARKAL模型
情景
边际减排成本
carbon emission reduction
carbon capture and storage
China MARKAL model
scenarios
marginal abatement cost
