摘要
由世界卫生组织及其成员国于1978年《阿拉木图宣言》提出的“初级卫生保健”,是指最基本的、人人都能得到的、体现社会平等权利的、人民群众和政府都能负担得起的卫生保健服务。初级卫生保健所反映的核心价值观是社会公平,所信奉的理论是“健康乃人类的基本权利”,所追求的目标是“人人享有健康”,所采用的技术是适宜技术。中国初级卫生保健实践始于建国之初,20世纪50年代初确定的“面向工农兵、预防为主、团结中西医、卫生工作与群众运动相结合”四大方针,已包含了初级卫生保健的基本思想和内容。建国后的前30年取得的成就为国际上形成初级卫生保健策略奠定了实证基础,随后20年是我国初级卫生保健发展阶段,政府承诺实现2000年人人享有卫生保健的目标,但取得的健康效果有限。21世纪以来,政府仍然把初级卫生保健作为农村卫生的中心任务,但是可持续性问题还没有解决。
World Health Organization defined primary health care （PHC） in the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978 as the essential health care universally accessible to all, reflecting equal social rights and affordable to all individuals and their government. The core value of PHC is social equity, based on a notion that health is a basic right of human beings, with a goal of health-for-all to be attained by the application of appropriate technologies. The practice of PHC in China commenced in early 1950s when it formulated four guidelines for health development： health for all workers, peasants and soldiers, putting prevention first, solidifying the Traditional Chinese Medicine with western medicine, and combining health work with mass campaigns. These principles contained the basic concept and contents of PHC. In the first 30 years since its foundation China gained remarkable health achievements which provided evidence and experience for the later formulation of international PHC strategy. From 1980s to 1990s the Government Committed to the goal of health-for-all but obtained limited health improvement. Since the beginning of 21st Century PHC continued to be centered in rural health but its sustainability is still a concern.
出处
《中国卫生经济》
2007年第7期11-15,共5页
Chinese Health Economics
基金
中国卫生部和英国国际发展部合作的"中国卫生政策支持项目"资助。
关键词
初级卫生保健
中国经验
primary health care, experience of China
