摘要
目的:调查分析就业与未就业大学生的人格特质差异及就业的大学生人格特质是否有性别差异。方法:①纳入某医科大学临床、检验、放射、口腔、高护等专业毕业已就业的大学生和未就业的大学生。于2005-07用随机抽样的方式,选取其中录取的202名,其中男生91名,女生111名。未就业的大学生204名,其中男103名,女101名。纳入对象均健康,且对调查项目知情意。②采用加利福尼亚心理调查表进行个体水平、人格特征和自我实现倾向测试。该量表共440个测试题,20个分量表,3个结构量表。主要包括4大因素。人际关系和适应性,包括支配性、进取能力、社交性、社交风度、自我接受;社会化成熟感、责任心和价值感,包括责任心、社会化、自我控制、好印象、同众性、适意感、宽容性;成就潜能和智力水平,包括顺从成就、独立成就、智力效率;个人生活态度和倾向,包括心理感受性、灵活性、女性化/男性化。另外还有2个通俗概念量表即独立性、通情。3个结构量表内外向、常规趋向和常规异向和自我实现。分数越高表明心理素质越适应就业。③计量资料间差异性比较采用t检验。结果:共发出问卷406份,回收填写完整、准确的答卷406份,回收率100%。①就业与未就业大学生加尼福尼亚心理调查表分量表评分比较:就业大学生加尼福尼亚心理调查表分量表支配性、进取能力、社交性、社交风度、自我接受、独立性、通情、责任心、社会化、自我控制、好印象、同众性、适意感、宽容性、顺从成就、独立成就、智力效率、心理感受性评分明显高于未就业大学生(t=3.81～12.62,P<0.01)。②就业男女大学生加尼福尼亚心理调查表分量表评分比较:差异不明显(t=0.04～1.73,P>0.05)。③加尼福尼亚心理调查表结构量表评分比较:就业大学生常规趋向和常规异向和自我实现评分明显高于未就业大学生(t=5.00～10.06,P<0.01)。结论:毕业后能够就业的大学生人格特征较为成熟,较未就业大学更具备适应就业的心理素质和人格特质,此种人格特质无性别差异。
AIM： To investigate the difference of the personality traits between employed college students and unemployed ones and further study its sex difference. METHODS： （1）The experiment was carried out in July 2005 among the 204 unemployed students （103 males and 101 females） and 202 employed students （91 males and 111 females） who graduated from medical colleges, majoring in clinic, laboratory medicine, radiation, stomatolegy and nursing, etc. They were all proved healthy and informed of the detection scheme.（2）Individual level, personality trait and self actualizing tendency were tested by California Psychological Inventory （CPI）, including 440 items of 20 subscales in 4 factors. Interpersonal relation and adaptability was comprised of dominance, capacity for status, sociability, social presence and self-acceptance; Social maturity, responsibility and value was comprised of responsibility, socialization, self control, good impression, communality, sense of well-being and tolerance. Achievement potential and intelligence was comprised of achievement via conformance, achievement via independence and intellectual efficiency. Individual views and tendency of living was comprised of psychological mindedness, flexibility and femininity/masculinity. Additionally, there were two popular conception scales for empathy and independence. Three structural scales included introversion and extroversion, conventional tendency and abnormal tendency as well as self-actualization. The higher scores indicated the better occupational adaptation. （3）Measurement data was compared by ttest. RESULTS： Totally 406 questionnaires were sent out and reclaimed completely, with the 100% recovery rate. （1） Comparison of CPI scores： The employed students were significantly higher than those unemployed ones except flexibility and femininity/masculinity （t =3.81-12.62, P 〈 0.01）. （2）There were no obvious difference in the CPI scores between male students and female students who had graduated （t =0.04-1.73, P 〉 0.05）. （3）Comparison of structural scales： The employed students presented remarkably higher scores than those unemployed ones in conventional tendency and abnormal tendency as well as self-actualization （t =5.00-10.06, P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： The graduated and employed students possess mature personality traits, while those unemployed showed better psychological diathesis and personality traits, without sex difference.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第30期5980-5982,共3页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
