摘要
阐述了小麦叶锈病的经济重要性和抗病育种在小麦病害综合治理中的重要作用。总结评述了建国后50多年来我国在小麦叶锈菌致病性和小麦品种抗病性及其相互作用,以及在小麦抗病育种和品种合理利用等研究方面所取得的主要成就和经验。在对病菌致病性和品种抗病性及其相互作用研究中,鉴定出41个生理小种。明确主要由突变和异核作用不断产生的新小种为导致品种抗锈性丧失的主要原因,品种的遗传分化、混杂退化和布局利用、环境因素,特别是地理生态条件也有重要影响;研究建立了小麦叶锈菌DNA分子遗传标记体系,提出了治理对策。初步揭示了其抗病机制。总结提出了抗病亲本选配和杂交育种以及品种合理利用等方面的成功经验以及当前存在的问题和解决途径。
It described the economic importance of wheat leaf rust in wheat production and the significance of breeding in wheat disease control. The achievement in the study on wheat leaf rust pathogenecity, wheat variety resistance, breeding for resistance to stripe rust and experience in utilization in the past fifty years was summarized. In the study, 41 varieties of leaf rust were identified. By means of mutation and heterokaryosis, development of new virulent variety was the main cause of breakdown of resistance in wheat leaf rust. Genetic differentiation, variety degeneration, environmental factors especially the geographical and ecological condition also has great influence. In breeding of leaf rust resistance variety, many experiences in selection and combination of breeding parents and cross breeding were suggested. Some problems in breeding of leaf rust resistance and their solution were also discussed.
出处
《天津农业科学》
CAS
2007年第2期46-50,共5页
Tianjin Agricultural Sciences
