摘要
文章以2002年实施全境禁牧的盐池县为例,通过对农户调查资料及统计数据的分析,总结了盐池县禁牧前后劳动力转移的特点。系统构建了劳动力转移机制,对促使转移动力和转移动机产生的受禁牧影响较大的因素进行了详细论证和深入分析。发现受禁牧政策的影响,养殖数量平均减幅57.09%,农村剩余劳动力进一步增加;饲草成本翻了一番,畜牧养殖收益降低44.3%,城乡收入差距进一步拉大。在农村产业结构单一、剩余劳动力就业出路少等因素的推动下,大量剩余劳动力在先出去务工者的带动下以及政策的引导下克服来自于自身、城市的转移阻力,调整家庭能够支配的资源-劳动力-在城乡之间、不同部门之间的配置,通过劳动力转移来增加收益,但限于城市生活门槛较高、自身文化技术水平低、户籍制度、非农产业部门工作的不稳定性、农户的社会保障制度不健全等因素,劳动力转移行业主要集中在劳动密集型、生产一线以及低层次的商业服务业领域,其从事的行业、分布区域以及务工周期长短具有明显的不确定性和间隔性,收益增加缓慢,诸多问题有待解决。
The paper takes Yanchi County as a case, which implemented prohibition of graze in whole area in 2002. Base on the analysis of household survey and statistical data, the study summaries the characteristics of the rural labor force shift before and after the implantation of prohibiting graze policy. The results show that the number of relocated households is more than the number of individual labor forces shift and the labors working in farm are still more than 80 percent, which cause surplus of labor forces. The labor forces shift presents a stronger selectivity that the principal part is young and adult labor forces who graduated from junior high school. They mainly engage in urban construction and catering industries with an unstable employment, lower income and overloading work time. They go home to work at farm when farming season comes. Base on these characteristics, the paper constructs the mechanism of rural labor force shift systematically. The factors which can accelerate the shift and motivations were demonstrated and analyzed. It is found that the number of domestic animal raising reduced by 57.09 percent and income from animal raising decreased by 44.3 percent, while the number of surplus rural labor forces increased and the income gap between urban and rural areas further widened. Driven by the mono-agricultural structure insufficient farmland in the rural areas, a large number of surplus labor forces rush into cities for job. Under the limitation of their working skill as well as policies like household registration system, social welfare system, the labor force from rural areas mainly engaged in laborintensive industries such as construction, catering industries. Normally they earned a very low income associated with an overloading work and unstable working position. All these problems are expected to be solved urgently.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第4期40-45,共6页
Resources Science
基金
国家社科基金项目"禁牧政策的生态效益补偿与草地资源可持续利用"(批准号:04XJY011)
关键词
禁牧
剩余劳动力
转移机制
盐池县
Prohibition of grazing
Rural labor force
The mechanism of transfer
Yanchi County
