2Lightowler JV,Wedzicha JA,Elliott MW,et al.Non-invesive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis[J].BMJ,2003,326:185 -189.
3Ram FS,Lightowler JV,Wedzicha JA.Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Cochrane Review)[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2003,CD004104.
4Hillert G,Gruson D,Vargas F,et al.Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppreesed patients with pulmonary infiltrates,fever,and acute respiratory failure[J].N Engl J Med,2001,344:481 -487.
5Masip J,Betbese A J,Paez J,et al.Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema:a randomized trial[J].Lancet,2000,356:2126 -2132.
6Masip J,Roque M,Sanchez B,et al.Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2005,294:3124-3130.
7Esteban A,Anzueto A,Frutos F,et al.Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation:a 28-day international study[J].JAMA,2002,287:345-355.
8Rello J,Bodi M,Mariscal D,et al.Microbiological testing and outcome of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia[J].Chest,2003,123:174-180.
9American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired,ventilator-associated and healthcare-associated pneumonia[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2005,171:388 -416.
10Bach PB,Schrag D,Niermanet DM,et al.Identification of poor prognostic features among patients requiring mechanical ventilation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation[J].Blood,2001,98:3234-3240.
二级参考文献13
1Plant PK,Owen JL,Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards:a multicentre randomised controlled trial.Lancet ,2000,355: 1931-1935.
2Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 1995,333:817-822.
3Bott J, Carroll MP, Conway JH, et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet, 1993,341: 1555-1557.
4Celikel T, Sungur M, Ceyhan B,et al. Comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Chest, 1998,114: 1636-1642.
5BEHRMAN S. John LIZARS. Centenary of a forgotten pioneer of the surgery of trigeminal neuralgia. Br Med J, 1960,5213: 1665-1666.
6Patrick W, Webster K, Ludwig L, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory distress without prior chronic respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1996, 153: 1005-1011.
7Lightowler JV, Elliott MW. Predicting the outcome from NIV for acute exacerbations of COPD. Thorax,2000,55:815-816.
8British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Thorax,2002,57: 192-211.
9Mehta S, Hill NS. Noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,2001,163:540-577.
10Diaz O, Begin P, Torrealba B, et al. Effects of noninvasive ventilation on lung hyperinflation in stable hypercapnic COPD. Eur Respir J,2002,20: 1490-1498.