摘要
情态与动词或句子的情状特征存在着密切的关系,不同情状类型的动词或句子与不同情态类型存在匹配上的互动关系,表现为属于不同情状类型的动词或句子与表达不同类型情态的情态动词之间的共现限制。静态情状与认识情态、动态情状与根情态之间在概念结构上存在着有机的内在联系,这种联系体现为:在句法上,它们的表现形式呈自然共现关系,即典型的静态动词与表达认识情态的情态动词自然共现,而动态动词则与表达非认识情态(根情态)的动词共现。不同情状类型的动词或句子与多义情态动词共现时,情状类型对多义情态动词的语义解释会产生有效的影响,情状对多义情态动词的语义具有分化作用。
The situations are the states of affairs expressed by verbs or sentences and can be subdivided into two types at the first level： the static situation and the dynamic one. The modality is the subjective opinion or manner of the speaker towards the factuality status of an event or the truth value of a proposition expressed by an utterance. As the most important carriers of the modality, the modals in modern Chinese express three types of modality, namely, the epistemic modality, deontic modality and dynamic modality, among which the latter two are terminologically named root modality or non-epistemic modality syncretically. The modality determination of the modals is affected by the types of the situations of the verbs or the sentences. The types of the situations （especially at the first level） and modality restrict each other, therefore, the verbs or sentences of a certain type of situation co-occur obligatorily with the modals expressing a certain type of modality syntactically. The verbs or sentences with static features usually express the static events, which can only be altered to some extent from the dynamic-force perspective and can be exclusively understood by the language speakers under the concept of the epistemic possibility and necessity in modality. The typical static verbs mainly collaborate with the modals expressing epistemic meaning. The polysemic modals of modern Chinese usually interpreted as epistemic reading when they collaborate with the static verbs, e. g. , they universally have the epistemic reading when they collaborate with the typical static verbs ＂yiweizhe＂, ＂xiang＂ and ＂dengyu＂, etc. , which usually do not co-occur with the non-epistemic modals. The dynamic verbs or the syntactic constructions with the dynamic features express the dynamic events, which can be affected or even changed much more possibly than their counterparts from the perspective of the dynamic-force, and can be impacted or altered readily by the language speakers with permission, obligation and deontic necessity, or ability, desirability, and courage in modality. When the polysemic modals co-occur with dynamic verbs such as the activity verbs, accomplishment verbs; and the dynamic constructions such as dummy verbs construction and ＂ba＂-construction, they usually have the non-epistemic meaning, viz. , deontic modalityor dynamic modality, without the other influences than the situation of the verbs and sentences. Because of the interaction between the types of the situations of the verbs or the sentences and the types of modality, the former can be well employed as a dimension of semantic determination of the polysemic modals in modern Chinese, therefore, the situational features of the verbs or the sentences are the interpreter of the modals, which can differentiate the readings of the polysemic modals.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2007年第5期51-58,共8页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学规划基金资助项目(06BYY044)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金项目(06JJD740014)
关键词
情态
情状
互动关系
modality
situation
interaction
