摘要
通过对新疆北天山中段塔西河流域水化学和土壤化学的分析，阐明此流域水土环境的现状及存在的问题，并在此基础上提出流域水上环境保护利用的思路．
Rising from the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, Taxihe River is mainly recharged by both precipitation and ice-snow melting water. The water quality of the river is fairly good and the average density of ion is rather low. In the components of hydrochemistry, HCO3- is the main content, then SO4 in anion; Ca++ is the main content then Mg++ in cation. Mineralization of the river water varies in a range from 60 to 80mg / L, the river water belongs to low mineralized one. The river water is in a property of slight a1kalescene, and PH values are over 8.0. The water hardness varied in a range from 6 to 12 Germanic degree, and the hydrochemistry type is calcium hydrocarbonate (bicarbonate). The contents of Hg and Ag are 0.18~0.44 pg/L and 0.001~0.003 mg/ L respectively.Soil in the catchment can be roughly divided into two types, mountainous vertical zone soil and plain soil. Mountatinous vertical zone soil distributes from alpine zone of 3500m a.s.l. to low-mountain and hills, and develops in an order of primeval alpine meadow soil, subalpinc meadow soil, gray-drab soil, mountainous chernozem, mountainous shestnut soil, and mountainous brown soil; plain soil distributes from the upper part of diluval fans to the middle basins at the lower reaches, and the main types of soil are gray desert soil, solonchak, meadow soil, swamp soil, desert forest soil, and irrigated-cultivated soil. The content of soil organic matter is high (20-30%) in the surface of mountainous soils, but rather low in plain soils. The contents of soil elements in the 9 type soils are in an order of Mn>Zn>Cr>Fe>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>Hg.Most mountainous soils are covered by grass, forest and bush vegetation. However,soil erision easily occurs on deep slopes. So to preserve forests and develop grasslands retionally are very important in mountainous areas. The farmland in the catchment is mainly at the plain areas. According to the soil property, organic fertilizer and a certain proporhon of chemixal fertilizer should be spread for raising the fertility of soil. Meanwhile, to risc the irrigation level and control irrigation quota are very important for reducing soil salinization.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第2期54-60,共7页
Arid Land Geography
