摘要
土地的可持续利用是以经济可行性为前提,以资源与环境的可持续性为保障,以社会的可持续性为目标的。本文以土地可持续利用理论为基础,运用经济学原理和市场机制,重点从经济学的角度,分析研究农户和国家等不同层次上经济人主体的土地利用行为,并相应地制定土地可持续利用的评价指标体系。依据统计数据及项目组的调研数据,对我国24个省(市)在不同层次土地利用可持续性的差异进行实证分析。评价结果表明,各个地区在国家和农户层次上,土地利用的可持续性是存在差异的,而且,这种差异在一些地区表现得尤为突出。最后,文章指出,国家应当采取相应的经济手段,规范和引导农户土地利用方式,以达到国家和农户层次上土地可持续利用的一致性。
Sustainable land use, which aims at the sustainable development of society, is based on the sustainability of natural resources, environment and economic viability. This paper analyzes the different activities among different economic individuals and selects corresponding evaluation indicators by economics principles and market mechanisms. While the central government calling for sustainable land use, many peasants＇ behaviors are unsustainable all the same, which leading to land degradation, environment pollution, and losses of culture heritages. The causes resulted in the differences of sustainability of land use at household level and national level are the dissimilar anticipations for sustainable development. Within short term of land contract, the peasants just pay attentions to the current economic return, while the central government attaches great importance to ecology and social benefit within an infinite long period. The conflicts between government and peasants not only go against the object of sustainable land use, but also do harm social stabilization. Therefore, in order to resolve the conflicts and realize sustainable land use, it is necessary to select disparate indicators for sustainable land use evaluation at national level and household level. This study suggests that the indicators at household level might include net income, input-output ratio and income stability, and the indicators at national level might include land use efficiency, input-output ratio with externality and land use diversity. Then, based on statistical and survey data, this article analyzes the sustainable land use differences among 24 provinces at national level and household level through extremum scoring method. Considering the data availability, this study adopts four indicators for sustainable land use evaluation： production value per area and grain food yield per area at national level; net income per area and input-output ratio at household level. The results indicate that there are differences between national and household levels, especially in some regions. For example, the scores of national level are much higher than the scores of household level in Xinjiang, Beijing and Hunan, and the scores of national level are much lower than the scores of household level in Heilongjiang. Finally, this study suggests several suitable economic policies, which compensate the external income and cost produced by peasant, for the government to restrict and direct farmer behaviors, and harmonize land use sustainability at national and household levels.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第6期170-175,共6页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目:"耕地集约利用及其效应研究"(编号:70673104)
关键词
土地可持续利用
经济人
评价
国家
农户
Sustainable land use
Economic individuals
Evaluation
State
Peasant
