摘要
[目的]通过对上海市急性硫化氢中毒病例的分析,探讨急性硫化氢中毒事故的防治对策。[方法]以上海市1992～2004年间报告的硫化氢中毒病例为资料,分别按年度、年龄及工种分布,对不同作业类型、劳动者类型和作业场所的硫化氢中毒情况等进行分析。[结果]在上海市1992～2004年报告的132例急性硫化氢中毒病例中,死亡46人,病死率34.8%,其中猝死28人,占死亡总人数的60.9%;平均中毒和死亡年龄均为35岁左右;67.4%的中毒和死亡年龄均集中在20～40岁;自1999年至2004年,硫化氢中毒呈现上升趋势,并以从事阴沟、下水道疏通作业者中毒人数最多,占59.1%;救援人员硫化氢中毒人数高于直接作业人员,但死亡人数和病死率均低于直接作业人员;农民工的硫化氢中毒人数、死亡人数和病死率均高于非农民工;密闭空间的硫化氢中毒人数和死亡人数均高于非密闭空间。[结论]上海市硫化氢中毒危害形势依然严峻,严重地威胁着劳动者健康和生命安全,应大力加强急性硫化氢中毒的防治。
[ Objective ] To study the cases of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning in Shanghai and explore the strategy of the prevention and control of this sort of poisoning. [ Methods ] Data of the victims of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning in Shanghai during 1999-2004 were studied in terms of the poisoning distribution concerning time, victim＇s age and work title, and the poisoning in details dealing with operators, labors and workplaces. [ Results ] From 1992 to 2004, a total of 132 cases of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning were recorded in Shanghai, with 46 deaths, accounting for 34,8%, including 28 sudden deaths that shared 60.9% of the total deaths. The average age of the victims poisoned and died both from acute hydrogen sulfide inhalation were about 35. About 67.4% of poisoned and died from acute hydrogen sulfide inhalation were in the age of 20-40. From 1999 to 2004, acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning presented an increasing tendency, and most incurred by the work of sewer dredging, accounting for 59.1% of the total toll. In contrast to direct operators, rescuers poisoned by acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning were found higher in number but lower in statistics of death toll and mortality. According to all statistics of victims poisoned, death toll and death rate, high risk of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning were found in workers from rural area in comparison with non-rural ones. The victims poisoned and died from acute hydrogen sulfide inhalation in confined spaces were more than those in non-confined spaces. [ Conclusion ] Acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning is still a major hazard that seriously threatens the safety and health of the workers in Shanghai. Prevention and control of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning should be strengthened.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2007年第6期616-618,共3页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
关键词
硫化氢中毒
密闭空间
农民工
猝死
acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning
confined spaces
rural workers
sudden death
