摘要
1934年底,赣闽边区国共大规模争战的尘埃徐徐落定。如何尽快恢复因战乱而几近崩溃的"收复区"农村经济,是处于执政地位的国民政府面临的紧迫问题。1935年初,赣闽两省政府(省农村合作委员会)先后派员分赴边区各县成立办事处,用"快干手段""组社贷款"和"恢复春耕",构建了以利用合作预备社为基干的现代农村金融网络,政府的"扶农"资金因此得以迅速而有效地"下乡";当年底,江西第8行政区(原中央苏区中心瑞金、兴国等7县)30万户居民中的约15万农户,获得农业、农仓和特种救济贷款共约70万元。正是由于执政政府指导农民创办农村合作的"主动",从而使得农村合作在边区"战后救灾"这一特殊环境和历史时段中,能够充分发挥它的金融"下乡"与资本扶助功能,并启动与刺激了赣闽边区农村经济的复苏进程。
At the end of 1934,large-scale war between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party in the Jiangxi-Fujian Border Region came to a halt.The urgent problem the ruling Nationalist government faced was how to revive the nearly collapsed rural economy there as soon as possible.In early 1935,the Provincial Rural Cooperation Committees of Jiangxi and Fujian both appointed members to establish offices in the Border Region counties.Through 'swift methods','building communes and distributing loans' and 'reviving spring ploughing',they established a modern rural financial network with preparatory cooperatives as its base.As a result,the government's 'funds to help peasants' could 'go to the countryside' rapidly and effectively.At the end of the year,about 150,000 of 300,000 peasant households in the Jiangxi 8th Administrative District(comprising seven counties — including Ruijin and Xingguo — that belonged to the former Central Soviet Region) received loans for agriculture,agricultural products storage and special relief,totaling about 700,000 yuan.In the special environment of the Border Region's 'post-war relief' period,it was precisely the ruling government's 'initiative' to direct peasants to build rural cooperatives that enabled the rural cooperation policies to fully carry out their functions of capital assistance and bringing finance 'to the countryside.' This 'initiative' started and encouraged the economic recovery process in the Jiangxi-Fujian Border Region.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第1期68-83,共16页
Modern Chinese History Studies
