摘要
目的分析汽车工业存在的职业病危害因素,探讨其预防与控制对策。方法按国家职业卫生规范与标准,调查分析汽车工业存在的职业病危害因素状况和防控措施实施情况。结果生产性粉尘主要分布在铸造和电焊工作场所,矽尘测点超标率为20%,电焊烟尘为11.8%。化学毒物共测14种,有6种超标,主要分布在涂装、零件清洗、汽车内装配件、电焊等工作场所;其中甲苯测点超标率为15.6%,二甲苯为6.1%,三氯乙烯为7.3%,二异氰酸甲苯酯为12.0%,二氧化锰为5.1%,铅烟为9.1%。噪声测点超标率为23.5%,超标点分布广,接触机会多,但以铸造、冲剪压和电焊工作场所受影响较突出。高温作业主要分布在铸造与热处理工作场所,高温级别范围为在Ⅰ或Ⅱ级呈高温强热辐射特点。结论根据各汽车工业企业的具体实际,实行企业管理措施、职业健康教育、卫生技术服务等综合干预措施才是消除和减少职业病危害因素的主要策略。
[ Objective ] To analyze the occupational hazardous factors in the automobile industry of China and explore the countermeasures for the prevention and control. [ Methods] Investigation was carried out on the occupational hazardous factors and the prevention and control countermeasures in the automobile industry of China according to the national occupational hygienic standard and criteria. [ Results ] The productive dust were found mainly in the workplaces of foundry and electric welding industry; the standard exceeding rates of siliceous dust and electric welding dust were 20% and 11.8% respectively; 14 chemical toxicants were found, 6 of which exceeded the national standard; the standard exceeding rates of toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, TDI, manganese dioxide, lead smoke and noise were15.6%, 6.1%, 7.3%, 12.0%, 5.1%, 9.1% and 23.5% respectively; hyperthennal works were mainly distributed in the foundry and thermal disposal workplaces with a hyperthermal range of degree Ⅰ and degree Ⅱ featured as hyperthermal radiation. [ Conclusion] Comprehensive interference countermeasures like enterprise management, occupational health education, and hygienic technological service are the major strategies for the elimination and reduction of occupational hazardous factors.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2008年第3期212-214,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
汽车工业
职业病危害因素
防控调研
Automobile industry
Occupational hazardous factors
Prevention and control research
