摘要
目的评价陕西省改炉改灶质量，为以后改灶工作提供参考。方法按照《陕西省防氟改灶验收办法（修订）》，每个项目县（区）随机抽查不少于40家改灶户，检查炉灶质量，统计改灶抽查符合率、炉体密闭率、排烟通畅率、炉灶正确使用率、居民对氟（砷）中毒危害知识知晓率（只限于卫生改灶）及炉灶损坏率（只限于扶贫改灶）。结果卫生改灶的地炉炉体密闭率为100％（117／117），排烟通畅率为98％（115／117）；灶炉及成品回风炉的炉体密闭率与排烟通畅率均为100％（90／90、10110）；炉灶正确使用率为67％（80／120）；居民氟（砷）中毒知识知晓率为46％（75／163）。扶贫改灶的地炉炉体密闭率4年平均为92％（140／153），排烟通畅率平均为92％（140／153）．随着年代的增加两率逐渐下降；灶炉的炉体密闭率和排烟通畅率总体水平（14／14）及各年度均为100％；炉灶使用3年以上损坏率为13％（6／45），炉灶损坏率随使用年限增加而升高。结论今后改灶工作应以成品回风炉为主．地炉为辅．加强健康教育宣传。提高改灶后的维护与管理水平，巩固改灶成果。
Objective To evaluate the outcome of the improvement of stoves and ovens in Shaanxi Pronvince in order to collect data for further work. Methods According to ＂Shaanxi Provincial Project Evaluating Defluoriding Stoves （revised）＂, no less than 40 ovens sampled from each county were examined. Oven sealing, exhausting, correctly using and the residents＇ awareness of the health knowledge about the the harmfulness of fluorosis and arsenism were investigated. Results 100% （117/117） of the ground ovens were appropriately sealed and 98%（115/117） were efficiently exhausted, while the oven rate were 100% for both kitchen ovens（90/90） and air returning ovens（10//10） are all appropriately sealed and efficiently exhausted. The rate of oven correctly used was 67% （80/120） and the rate of health knowledge was 46% （75/163）. For those in poverty, 92% （140/153） of the ground ovens were appropriately sealed and efficiently exhausted, which was decreasing along with the time; while the kitchen ovens appropriately sealed and efficiently exhausted averaged at 100% （14/14） for 4 years. 13% （6/45） of the ovens were worn-out over the past 3 years and the number of damage oven increased year by year. Conclusions Air returning ovens should be the dominant type in the future, while ground oven should only play a supplementing role. Health education should be strengthened. Ovens should be well maintained and managed to consolidate the achievement of oven improvement.
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第1期68-70,共3页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
基金
中央转移支付项目地方病项目（2005）
关键词
氟化物中毒
砷中毒
防治
Fluoride poisoning
Arsenic poisoning
Prevention
