摘要
目的探讨初产孕妇焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法对上海地区100例初产孕妇采用焦虑自评量表和社会支持量表进行问卷调查。结果初产孕妇焦虑总分为36．43±9．39，显著高于国内常模评分（P〈0．01）；年龄25～岁，大专以下学历，工人、农民为职业的初产孕妇焦虑水平显著低于其他年龄、学历、职业类型的初产孕妇（均P〈0．01）；独生子女、有慢性疾病史的初产孕妇焦虑水平偏高（均P〈0．01）；有流产史的初产孕妇焦虑水平偏低（P〈0．05）；多元逐步回归显示社会支持程度、是否独生子女、有无流产史与孕妇焦虑水平显著相关（均P〈0．01）；因果通径图示，前述3项为影响孕妇焦虑水平的直接因素，慢性病史及担心生产过程是间接因素。结论初产孕妇孕期焦虑水平较高；年龄、学历、职业类型、慢性疾病史与孕妇焦虑水平相关；社会支持、是否独生子女、有无流产史是预测初产孕妇焦虑水平的重要因素。
Objective To explore the anxiety status and influencing factors in primiparas. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 100 primiparas in Shanghai district. Results The average anxiety level in primiparas was 36.43 ± 9.39, which was significantly higher than that of Chinese norm （P〈0.01）. Statistically significant differences were observed among groups of different age, education background, job category （P〈0.01 for all）. The primiparas from only-child families, or those with chronic disease had higher anxiety scores as compared with other groups （P〈0.01 for all）. Women who had miscarriage had a relatively low anxiety level （P〈0.05）. Multivariate successive regression analysis revealed that the score of social support, family type, the experience of miscarriage were significantly related to anxiety level （P〈0.01 for all）. Path analysis showed that the former three factors were factors that directly influenced the anxiety level of the pregnant women. The history of chronic diseases and concern for delivery were indirect factors. Conclusion Primiparas＇ anxiety level is higher. Age, education background, job category, and chronic disease contributed to the difference in anxiety level of primiparas. The main prediction factor of primiparas were social support, family type, and miscarriage.
