6Mark N B, Bing C W, Jonathan M L. Data and methods for estimating the severity of minor impacts [J].SAE Transaction, 1995, 104 (6): 639- 673.
7King D J, Bowler J J, Ptucha S J. Determination of bumper characteristics using prototype moving barriers[J]. SAE Transaction, 1997, 106(6):1666-1694.
8SAE J211 (1998),On-highway vehicles and off-highway machinery[S].