摘要
美国的转基因生物安全行政监管主要由农业部、环保署及食品药品管理局负责,部门之间分工明确,且建立了高效的协调机制和良好的公众参与制度;监管部门均设有下属专业的管理单位,强调检测评价报告以科学为依据;在管制方法上,以研究者为核心,以公司财产为担保,采用"自律"管制。这些特点的产生主要依赖于较完善的法律体系以及相当稳定的社会规范。根据我国转基因生物安全监管的现状,美国的监管体系值得我们借鉴:管理机构间的高度协调机制、专家知识的充分利用与信息共享,以及良好的公众参与制度。
The regulation framework for genetic modified organisms （GMO） and products in the United States include three organizations, Department of Agriculture （USDA）, Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）, and Food and Drug Administration （FDA）. The three organizations have separate responsibilities and descriptions of the regulatory policies, but they have highly interagency coordination mechanisms. The safety assessment of GMO is based on science which implemented by the subordinate and specialty of the regulation organizations. The key object of regulation is researchers and the company which involved the research and development of GMO, and the main regulation method is self-discipline. This regulation system and method in the United States is due to its perfect statutory system and stabile social standards. According to the regulation status of GMO in China, there are three facets of the regulation framework in the United States can be used for reference, which are highly coordinated mechanism among the federal regulatory organizations, taking full advantage of expertise and share all information, and public participation in the review.
出处
《生态经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第3期91-94,共4页
Ecological Economy
关键词
美国
转基因生物安全
行政监管
借鉴与利用
the United States
transgenic organism
regulatory framework
use for reference
