摘要
本文考察我国1978—2006年对外贸易结构和国际竞争力的演变。我们将所有国际贸易商品在SITC三位数分类的基础上重新分类为资源密集型、劳动密集型、资本密集型和技术密集型四大类产品,并从显示比较优势指数、产业内贸易指数、国际竞争力系数和出口结构相似指数等不同指标考察国际竞争力的变化。分析表明,我国对外贸易产业和技术结构不断优化、国际竞争力持续提升,且均呈现较强的阶段性特征。1978—1985年处于以资源换外汇的阶段,竞争力很弱;1986—1993年,比较优势得到充分体现,劳动密集型产品出口占据主导地位,竞争力不断提高;1994年以来,劳动密集型产品继续保持强大的国际竞争力,但其在我国对外贸易中的相对地位不断下降,资本和技术密集型产品对外贸易迅速发展。本文还进一步分析了贸易结构与竞争力阶段性变化的深层次原因,并讨论了相应的政策启示。
This paper probes into the evolution of China's foreign trade structure and international competitiveness from 1978 to 2006.According to the SITC3-digit criterion,all the trade commodities discussed in this ar- ticle are re-classified:into the following four categories:resource-intensive products,labor-intensive prod- ucts,capital-intensive products and technology-intensive products.We have studied on the evolution of China's foreign trade international competitiveness according to four indicators:revealed comparative ad- vantage (RCA),intra-industry trade (IIT),international competitiveness coefficient (ICC) and export structure similitude.It is shown that,China's foreign trade industry and technological structure has been optimized greatly and obvious improvement has taken place in its international competitiveness.
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第2期112-119,共8页
Finance & Trade Economics
关键词
贸易结构
技术等级
国际竞争力
Foreign Trade Structure
Technology Grade
International Competitiveness
