2Kent-First M, Muallem A, Schultz J, et al. Defining regions of the Y-chromosome responsible for male infertility and identification of a fourth AZF region (AZFd) by Y-chromosome microdeletion detection. Mol Reprod Dev 1999; 53:27-41
3Dada R, Gupta NP, Kucheria K. Molecular screening for Yq microdeletion in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia and azoospermia. J Biosci 2003; 28:163-168
4Moro E, Matin P, Rossi A, et al. Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men with varicocele. Mol CellEndocrinol 2000; 161: 67-71
5Hopps CV. Mielnik M, Goldstein M, et al. Detection of sperm in men with Y chromosome microdeletions of the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions. Hum Reprod 2003; 18:1660-1665
6Tiepolo L, Zuffardi O. Localization of factors controlling spermatogenesis in the nonfluorescent portion of the human Y chromosome long arm. Hum Genet 1976;34:119-124
7Foresta C, Ferlin A, Garolla A, et al. High frequency of well-defined Y-chromosome deletions in idiopathic sertoli cell-only syndrom. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:302-307
8Pryor JL, Kent-First M, Muallem A, et al. Microdeletions in the Y chromosome of infertile men. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:534-539
9Foresta C, Ferlin A, Moro E, et al. Microdeletions of the Y chromosome in cryptorchidism and in idiopathic male infertility. Ann Ital Med Int 1999; 14:151-158
3World Health Organization.WHO Laboratory Manual forthe Examination and Processing of Human Semen[M].5thed.Geneva:World Health Organization,2010:33.
4Henkel R,Schreiber G,Sturmhoefel A,et al.Comparison ofthree staining methods for the morphological evaluation of humanspermatozoa[J].Fertil Steril,2008,89(2):449.
