摘要
【目的】明确黄花蒿杀螨活性物质的最佳提取工艺;选择合适的溶剂和最佳的植株部位,明确黄花蒿杀螨活性物质的时间和空间分布状态,为综合开发利用黄花蒿提供科学依据。【方法】采集4、5、6、7和9月5个月份的黄花蒿植株,分成根、茎、叶3个部分,采用石油醚(30～60℃)、石油醚(60～90℃)、乙醇、丙酮和水溶剂的平行和顺序提取方法,共计获得135种提取物,用玻片毛细管法测定其对朱砂叶螨的杀螨活性。【结果】在杀螨活性方面,黄花蒿的杀螨活性随植株的生长呈增加的趋势,总体表现为7月份>6月份>5月份>4月份,但9月份的杀螨活性与7月份相比有所下降。5个月份的黄花蒿叶丙酮平行提取物的活性都比其它提取物强,处理朱砂叶螨48h的校正死亡率介于74%～100%之间。从对朱砂叶螨的致死时间动态上看,9月份、7月份、6月份、5月份、4月份黄花蒿叶的丙酮平行提取物对朱砂叶螨处理48h,LC50分别为0.5986,0.4341,0.8376,0.9443和1.3817mg·ml-1。对活性较高的7月份叶的丙酮提取物进行柱层析分离,得到13个组分,其中组份11和12的LC50分别为0.3683和0.1586mg·ml-1,组分12的活性相对于七月份叶丙酮提取物而言提高了约5倍。【结论】黄花蒿7月份叶的丙酮提取物的毒力最好,5mg·ml-1对朱砂叶螨处理48h,校正死亡率为100%。7月份叶丙酮平行提取物柱层析组分11和12是活性组分,是进一步研究的重点。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to determine the best extraction technique, the suitable solvent and the optimal plant parts and the acaricidal activities of Artemisia annua L.【Method】The acarcidal bioactivities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus of total 135 extracts of petroleum ether （30-60℃）, petroleum ether （60-90℃）, ethanol, acetone and water parallel and sequenced extracts from the leaves, stems and roots of Artemisia annua L. in different periods of April, May, June, July and September were determined by slide-capillary method in labortory. 【Result】The results showed that the acaricidal bioactivities elevated with the development of A. annua plant at the concentration of 5 mg·ml^-1. The general tendency exhibited the sequence of July〉June〉May〉April, but September decreased comparing with July. However, the most effective extracts in five months were all acetone parallel extract from A. annua leaf, and the corrected mortalities after 48 h of treatment were ranged from 74% to 100%. The median lethal concentrations （LC50） against T. cinnabarinus of acetone parallel extracts from A. annua leaves in September, July, June, May and April were 0.5986, 0.4341, 0.8376, 0.9443 and 1.3817 mg·ml^-1, respectively after 48 h of treatment. The 13 groups were isolated from acetone extracts of A. annua leaves in July by column chromatography, both of the 11th and 12th groups exhibited strong bioactivities. The median lethal concentrations of the 11th and 12th groups against T. cinnabarinus were 0.3683 and 0.1586 mg·ml^-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】The acetone parallel extract from Artemisia annua leaf in July was the most toxicity to T. cinnabarinus and the corrected mortality was 100% after 48 h. The No. 11 and No. 12 groups of acetone parallel extract was the most active components and could be acted as the emphases for further study.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期720-726,共7页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30671392)
重庆市科技攻关项目(20016599)
关键词
黄花蒿
朱砂叶螨
平行提取物
生物活性
Artemisia annua
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Acetone parallel extract
Bioactivities
