摘要
[目的]了解济宁市1999～2006年麻疹流行规律,为消除麻疹工作提供科学依据。[方法]对1999～2006年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。[结果]1999～2006年累计报告麻疹确诊病例1290例,年均发病率为2.02/10万,无死亡病例;不同年份间发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同地区间发病率的差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01),局部暴发影响全市的发病水平;冬春季为发病高峰季节。1999～2004年病例主要以8月龄至14岁为主,占总病例数的72.55%,2005～2006年发病主要集中在≥15岁,占46.18%;但8月龄至6岁也占有相当比例,为32.66%;7～14岁发病比例由1999～2004年的30.59%下降到7.83%,而<8月龄则由1999～2004年1.96%上升到13.33%;8月龄～6岁估算接种率约为88%。[结论]济宁市麻疹发病有周期性规律,易感人群积累是发病的主要原因。另外,病例逐渐向成人和未到免疫年龄人群转移,给麻疹控制乃至消除工作带来挑战,因此要达到消除麻疹目标,除要做好儿童常规免疫外,加强成人麻疹监测和免疫具有重要意义。
[Objective]To know the epidemic regulation of Measles in Jining from 19,99 to 2006 ,develop the strategy for measles control. [Methods]Descriptive epidemiological analysis of measles surveillance was conducted. [Results]l 290 measles cases were reported totally from 1999 to 2006 and the annual average incidence of measles was 2.02/10 000 and no death case occurred. There was a difference of the incipience in different years （ P〈0.01 ） and different regions （ P〈0.01 ）, the incidence in the whole prefecture was affected by the local measles outbreak. The highest epidemic seasons were winter and spring. In 1999-2004,Measles cases aged from8 months to 14 years old accounted for 72.55% ,but 46. 18% of the cases were at the age over 15 from 2005 to 2006,and the cases aged from 8 months to 6 accounted for 32.66.% from 2005 to 2006. The ratio of the cases aged from 7-14 decreased from 30.59%0 from 1999 to 2004 to 7.83% from 2005 to 2006,but the ratio of the cases aged under 8 months increased from 1.96% from 1999 to 2004 to 13.33% from 2005 to 2006, The evaluated MV coverage was 88 % from 1999 to 2006. [Conclusion]The epidemic of measles was periodic in Jining city with the main causes of the incrcasing of susceptible population and with the involving of adults and the population not involved in routine immunization. Measles control and elimination were challenged. In order to eliminate measles, apart from the improvement of children routine immunization, more attention should be paid to measles cases in adults on MV immunization and surveillance.
出处
《预防医学论坛》
2008年第2期159-161,共3页
Preventive Medicine Tribune
关键词
麻疹
流行病学特征
Measles
Epidemiological Characteristics
