摘要
利用呼伦湖湿地的气象资料、水体面积、水位深度和生态环境等资料,回归统计分析表明：（1）呼伦湖湿地近45a来的气候变化呈现出暖干化趋势,并且是造成水资源短缺和周边地区生态环境恶化等问题的重要原因。（2）呼伦湖水域面积和水位逐渐减小的变化趋势一致。水域面积和水位变化率分别为34.78km^2/10a、0.27m/10a。且1959-1963年、1983-1991年为缓慢的增加（上升）时期,1964-1982年、1992-2006年为逐年减少（下降）时期,21世纪初至今减少（下降）幅度最大。（3）降水量与湖面面积、水位呈正相关,年及四季降水量增加10mm,湖面面积约增加2-19km^2。气温和蒸发量与湖面面积、水位相关为显著的负相关,年及四季气温升高1℃,湖面面积约减少28-80km2,水位约下降4cm左右。（4）受显著的暖干化影响,湖周边沙漠化面积已超过100km2;到1997年草场的退化面积占可利用草场总面积的30%以上;1974年以来植被的盖度降低15%-25%,连续干旱的2003-2005年与降水量较多的2002年相比,克氏针茅高度降低11cm,羊草、苔草、多根葱和小针茅降低2-4cm;草地初级生产力下降30%-50%;优良牧草比重下降,严重退化草场的产草量不足原来的20%。
Using meteorological data,water area and water level data,and ecological data in the Hulun Lake area,we analyzed influences of regional climate change to wetland ecosystem evolvement of the Hulun Lake area.Regression analyses shows（1）climate change presented a warmer and dryer trend during last 45 years that might be the major cause of water resources deficit and ecosystem degradation;（2）water area and level indicated a consistent trend with an average changing rate of 34.78km2/10a and 0.27m/10a,concretely,slowly increase during 1959-1963 and 1983-1991,decrease during 1964-1982 and 1992-2006 with maximum decrease from 2000 to 2006;（3）a positive correlation was detected between water area/level and precipitation with a changing rate of 2-19 km2 increases of water area per 10mm increase in seasonal and annual precipitation,whereas negative correlations were found between water area/level and air temperature and evaporation,respectively,with a changing rate of 28-80km2 and 4cm decreases of water area and water level per 1℃ increase in seasonal and annual temperature;（4）induced by warmer and dryer climate,the desertification area increased to over 100km2,degradation area of pasture accounted for 30% of the total area,the vegetation coverage decreased 15%-25% since 1974,and the primary production decreased 30%-50% and less than 20% in the most severe area.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期1064-1071,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目(200308020512)~~
关键词
气候变化
生态系统退化
呼伦湖湿地
climate change
ecosystem degradation
wetland of the Hulun Lake
