摘要
利用人工网捕等方法对内蒙古高原东南缘森林-草原交错带节肢动物群落的多样性进行调查。共记录节肢动物15目77科326种,分属于昆虫纲、蛛形纲和多足纲,其中蜘蛛目、双翅目、同翅目、膜翅目个体数量分别占总数的10%以上,为该地区的优势类群。由森林向草原过渡的过程中,节肢动物的个体数、物种数、物种多样性和均匀度随环境梯度变化而逐渐增多,至交错带森林-草甸区或草甸-草原区达到最大,到草原带降至最低。交错带具有最高的个体数、物种数和物种多样性,且显著高于两侧的森林带和草原带,表明大尺度森林草原交错带具有显著的边缘效应。不同植被地带间节肢动物群落的相似性均较低,表明不同植被地带间节肢动物的群落组成差异很大。森林带与森林-草甸区、草甸-草原区和草原带的相似性逐级减小,这说明随着环境梯度的变化,交错带、草原带节肢动物群落组成已与森林带发生明显分化,且分化越来越大。多元回归分析表明,森林斑块数、森林覆盖率是影响节肢动物物种多样性和均匀度的决定因素,森林斑块数、森林斑块平均面积、森林覆盖率是决定节肢动物个体数和物种数分布的重要因素。不同植被地带天敌个体数百分率为(0.3631±0.0416)%^(0.5249±0.0365)%,天敌物种在维护森林-草原交错带生态系统平衡中起着重要的作用。
The community diversity of arthropod was investigated in forest-steppe ecotone in southeast edge of Inner Mongolia tableland. Totally, 15 orders, 77 families and 326 species were recorded, and they belonged to Insect, Arachnoida and Myriapoda. The individual numbers of Araneae, Diptera, Homoptera and Hymenoptera accounted for more than 10% of the total, and they were considered as dominant groups. The individual number, species number, H^1 and J increased gradually with the environment gradients from forest to steppe, with maximum in forest-meadow or meadow-steppe ecotone and minimum in steppe. The individual numbers, species numbers and H^1 of the ecotones were maximum, and they were significantly higher than that in forest and steppe. The result indicated that the edge effect was obvious in the large-scale forest-steppe ecotone. The arthropod community composition in different vegetation zones varied considerably. Their similarity gradually reduced from the forest zone to forest-meadow region, to meadow-steppe region and to steppe zones, which suggested that the similarity varied with the environmental gradient changes. The composition of arthropod community in ecotone and steppe zones had apparent differentiation from the forest zone, and the differentiation was gradually increasing. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that forest patch number and vegetable coverage were the most important factor determining the species diversity and evenness of arthropod community, and forest patch number, average forest patch size and vegetable coverage affected the individual number and species number. The percentage of nature enemy entities in different vegetation zones were （0. 363 1 ± 0. 041 6）% - （0.524 9 ± 0.036 5）%. The nature enemies played an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance of the forest-steppe ecotone.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期94-101,共8页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30070626)
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2004000319)
