摘要
对多年来积累的气候资料的综合分析表明:在全新世期间有两个比较明显的温暖期。它们的时间分别为8～6kaBP(校正成日历年龄大约为9～7calkaBP)和5～3kaBP(日历年龄大约为5.5～3.2calkaBP)。文化的发展很大程度上受到了环境条件的制约。在前一个温暖期的后半段(8～7calkaBP),北方旱作农业(磁山文化、大地湾文化、兴隆洼文化)发展起来。南方稻作农业要在7.0～6.0calkaBP才初具规模。而6.0～5.5calkaBP的气候冷干事件使得南北方文化均有不同程度的衰退,但是南方受到的影响要小于北方。在后一个温暖期到来之后(5.5～3.2calkaBP),分别以龙山文化和良渚文化为代表的南北方新石器文化几乎同时进入发展史上的另一个黄金时代。尽管南北方文化体系对于气候变化的响应有所差异,并且不同时期不同地域文化发展动力也不尽相同,但是从大的时空尺度上来看,我国的新石器时代发展经历了如下阶段:最早期文化萌芽阶段(10calkaBP)——早中新石器时代之间的文化相对衰退期(10～8calkaBP)——新石器时代中期的北方农业文明崛起(8～7calkaBP)——7.0～6.0calkaBP的南方稻作农业的极大发展期——6.0～5.5calkaBP的文化衰退期——新石器时代晚期(5.5～4.0calkaBP)文化的极大繁荣。其间一些大的文化演替或者转型事件的时间在各地也大致相同。说明这种大的文化演进过程还是受到了同一个信号的支配,而只有环境气候因素才可能影响到如此大的范围。
The analysis to the published materials of decade＇s years from China has showed that the warm period of Holocene concentrated in two stages： 8～6 ka BP （9～7 cal ka BP） and 5～3 ka BP （about 5.5～3.2 cal ka BP）. The culture development was largely controlled by the climatic or environmental conditions. For example, at the late stage of the first warm period （8～6 cal ka BP）, the different kinds of agricultures in the north and the south developed one after another. The abrupt events of 6.0～5.5 cal ka BP have made the cultures decline to some extent, but the impact it has made to the south was much less than that of the north. During the period of second warm period, the Neolithic cultures in both the north and the south which was represented by the Longshan culture and the Liangzhu culture respectively entered into another golden age. In spite of the different responses to the climatic system by the southern and northern culture systems and various evolution processes, the Chinese Neolithic cultures can be divided into four development stages at the larger time--space scale. culture sprout and agriculture origin in the early Holocene （10 cal ka BP） ; the culture decline between the early and the middle periods of the Neolithic age （10～8. 0 cal ka BP）;the growing up of the Northern agriculture in the middle periods of Neolithic age （8.0～7.0 cal ka BP） ~ the development of the Southern agriculture at 7.0～6.0 cal ka BP; the decline of the Neolithic cultures in both Southern and Northern China（6.0～5.5 cal ka BP） ; and the culture flourish in the late period of the Neolithic age （5.5～4.0 cal ka BP）. This showed that the culture evolution or large scale culture events perhaps was controlled by the same factor. As we have known, only climate change can make such a great impact.
出处
《中国历史地理论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第2期33-45,共13页
Journal of Chinese Historical Geography
基金
教育部社科研究基金青年基金资助项目(06JC780001)
国家自然科学基金(40402016)
陕西师范大学人文社科研究基金项目
关键词
新石器时代
全新世
气候
农业
Neolithic
Holocene
climate change
agriculture
