摘要
城市绿地为城市生物多样性保护提供了重要的空间保障。改善与提高城市绿地生态网络的连接对保护城市生物多样性具有重要意义。以济南市为例,在GIS技术的支撑下,在考虑不同绿地斑块间的距离与景观阻力的基础上,采用最小路径方法,定量表征与模拟了研究区的潜在生态廊道,并基于重力模型和网络连接度指数,对绿地斑块间相互作用强度与生态网络结构进行了定量分析与评价。研究结果表明,风景林、滨水绿地和公园绿地是组成研究区生态网络的优势景观类型;济南绿地系统规划中的许多斑块在生态网络中起着"踏脚石"的作用,但占规划绿地面积的比例不高;不同绿地斑块间的相互作用强度差异显著,斑块之间相互作用强的绿地廊道在生态网络中的地位突出,对生物物种的丰富度、迁移与扩散等起着重要作用,而斑块之间相互作用弱的廊道景观阻力大,生境适宜性低,必须在未来的绿地系统规划中加以改善;网络结构越复杂,连接度与闭合度水平越高,对物种的迁移与扩散就越有利。因此,增加绿地斑块,优化绿地空间布局,改善绿地斑块间的连接,完善城市绿地网络是新一轮城市绿地系统规划的关键任务。研究结果可为城市建设者与规划者进行城市绿地系统规划提供科学的依据与参考信息。
Urban areas can contain rich flora that contribute significantly to biodiversity. However, loss and isolation of native habitats due to urban sprawl threatens biodiversity conservation and warrants appropriate limits on development. The connectivity provided by urban green spaces offers both habitats and corridors that improve conservation of biodiversity. Researchers and planners have recently begun using the principles of landscape ecology to develop ecological networks and increase connectivity for the preservation and restoration of biodiversity. Potential corridors were identified in Jinan City using the least-cost path method, and ecological networks were developed and improved based on the gravity model and landscape index. Analysis of spatial patterns revealed that the proposed plan decreased the degree of fragmentation and increased connectivity. Scenery forest, public park, and riparian green spaces are the main types of green space, though plaza green spaces are weak in improving ecological networks and conserving biodiversity. The reciprocity between green spaces patches are difference sharply. The more complex the network structure is, the higher the connectivity will be, and the more favorable it is for the species＇ transfer and diffusion. Identification of potential corridors using the least-cost path analysis made the results better approximate the real landscape by including impedance along links. The potential ecological networks revealed problems in the current urban greening plan. The ecological network developed based on the gravity model simplified and systematized the complex real landscape, but helped to identify the relative significance of each green space and guide urban planning.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期1711-1719,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30700097,40701047,40471058)
南京大学人才培养基金资助项目
南京大学“985”平台资助项目~~
关键词
城市绿地
生态网络
生物多样性保护
最小路径
景观生态
urban green space
ecological network
biodiversity conservation
least-cost path
landscape ecology
