摘要
根据1835—1876年间中国主要通商口岸各个教会医院编写的医院报告,归纳了这些医院治疗眼科疾病的情况。为了获得全面的认识,尽量利用医院报告中的疾病统计数据结合有关史料进行了分析。结果表明:在大部分医院创建的初期,眼科病人的比例很高,随后其他科的病人日益增加;各地病人罹患的眼疾均以感染性疾病为主,其中"眼炎"、结膜炎、沙眼、角膜混浊和角膜白斑最为常见;生活水平低下和缺医少药致使眼病盛行;致盲的主要原因是沙眼以及天花、梅毒、结核和淋病等几种严重传染病的眼部表现;教会医院的常用治疗手段有睑内翻手术矫治、白内障拨除和摘除、人工瞳孔手术以及各种药物治疗。最后分析了传教士医生倾向于建立眼科医院的医学和社会动因。
To understand the patterns of medical activities of the early missionary hospitals in China, in particular the prevalence and treatments of ophthalmologie cases, the annual reports of the hospitals have been collected and analyzed, with special attention paid to statistic data in these reports. Results indicate that the proportions of eye cases were unusually high during the beginning years of the hospitals, whereas the number of patients suffering from other diseases increased as time passed; the most common disorders of the eye were infectious diseases, including ＂ophthalmia＂, conjunctivitis, trachoma, and leueoma and opacity of the cornea; low living standards and lack of medical resources led to the rampage of eye diseases; blindness frequently caused by trachoma and the ophthalmic symptoms of smallpox, syphilis, tuberculosis and gonorrhea ; medical missionaries often adopted such therapeutic means as operations for entropium, couching and extraction of cataracts, operations for artificial pupil, and various drug treatments. Lastly, this paper explores the medical as well as social motivations for medical missionaries to prefer setting up ophthalmic hospitals.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期179-202,共24页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
关键词
教会医院
眼科
疾病谱
治疗
医学交流
晚清
missionary hospitals, ophthalmology, disease spectrum, therapeutics, medical exchanges, Late Qing
