摘要
杂种优势利用是实现作物产量突破的重要途径,大豆是严格的自花授粉作物,大豆雄性不育最早在20世纪20年代被发现,许多研究者开展了深入探索,但成果并不显著。在2002年之前,大豆是唯一没有利用杂种优势的主要农作物。大豆雄性不育表现有结构不育、部分雄性不育、联会突变导致雄性雌性均不育、细胞核基因控制的雄性不育雌性可育、质核互作雄性不育、光(温)敏雄性不育等。在先后发现的大豆雄性不育材料中,多数属于细胞核基因控制的雄性不育性,少数为细胞质雄性不育性。中国大豆细胞质核互作雄性不育系的选育在国际上是领先的,吉林省农业科学院、安徽省农业科学院、山西省农业科学院、南京农业大学等多家单位均实现了三系配套,并找到了具有强优势的组合。吉林省农业科学院已成功选育出世界上第一个大豆杂交种"杂交豆1号,"安徽省农业科学院成功选育出世界上第一个杂交夏大豆品种"杂优豆1号"。作者对大豆雄性不育的研究进展、杂种优势利用的现状进行了分析,并指出了当前大豆杂种优势利用在高产优质杂交组合的选配、不育性的遗传和稳定性、杂交大豆制种技术,以及杂交大豆花器构造的改进和杂交种配套栽培技术等方面还存在着许多问题。
The use of heterosis utilization is an important way to achieve breakthroughs in crop yield. Soybean as a typical selfcross crop, is very difficult to use its heterosis. Soybean male sterility was found in the first 1920s. Many researchers conducted in-depth exploration, but the results were not significant. Before 2002, soybean was the only crop without use of the advantages of hybrid among the main crops. Soybean male sterility includes structural performance of infertility, partial male sterility, the federation of mutant female and male infertility, genetic control of the nuclear male sterile female fertility, the interaction of nuclear male sterile, photoperiod-senstive male fertility, and so on. In the soybean male sterile materials, most of them are the nu- cleus control male sterility, a few CMS. Chinese soybean cytoplasm nuclear male sterile line is advanced. Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Province, Shanxi Province and Nanjing Agricultural University have achieved three-line hybirds with strong heterosis. Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences has successfully bred the world＇s first hybrid soybean Zajiaodott 1, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences has successfully bred the world＇s first summer hybrid soybean Zayoudou 1. The soybean male sterility research progress, the use of heterosis utilization to the analysis of the status, the current soybean heterosis utilization, sterility and stability of the genetic, production technology, flower structure and the cultivation of hybrid technology were reviewed.
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期131-136,共6页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University
关键词
大豆
雄性不育
杂种优势
白花授粉作物
soybean[Glycine max （merr）L.]
male sterility
heterosis utilization
self-cross crop
