摘要
新鲜牛粪和玉米秸秆以鲜重2.8∶1的比例,分别添加5.5%的果园土壤和炉渣,在强制通风静态垛堆肥反应器中进行了堆肥化试验。在堆制的49d里,根据堆温变化分7次采样分析堆肥中各种氮素、有机碳含量和其他性质。结果表明:对照、添加土壤和加炉渣处理在堆制期间堆肥空间氨气浓度的峰值分别为6070.58、5125.18、4127.08mg·m-3(25℃值);堆制49d后,堆肥中铵氮的浓度分别减少了83.0%、81.4%和63.5%;硝态氮的浓度分别增加了200%、110%和410%;有机氮的浓度分别增加了61.0%、82.4%和84.2%;总氮浓度分别增加了28.8%、38.8%和54.4%;堆肥后期部分硝态氮淋失。加土和炉渣可以降低堆肥高温期水溶性氨氮的浓度,减少氨气的排放,有利于后期硝态氮和有机氮的形成,从而降低堆肥中氮素的损失。果园土壤的加入可以提高堆肥温度,而炉渣的加入使堆温降低,高温期缩短;pH和电导率(EC)在堆制过程中都呈下降趋势,堆制结束时,各处理的粪大肠菌值均大于0.111,达到堆肥卫生学标准;堆肥的C/N比在10～11之间、EC值小于3mS·cm-1、pH值在6～9之间,堆肥基本稳定,但GI值均小于80%,植物毒性没有完全消失。添加果园土壤有利于种子发芽和根系生长。
In our experiment we used fresh cow manure and corn straw （CM＋CS） as composting material with a ratio of 2.8 to 1. Additionally we added 5.5% orchard soil （OS） and 5.5% cinder （C） to the composting material separately, to investigate their effects on changes in nitrogen, carbon and compost quality. The different treatments were incubated in an aerated static pile automatic composting device. The results indicated that the addition of OS can increase the highest temperature of the composting, whereas addition of C can decrease the composting temperature and shorten the highest temperature period. During the high temperature stage, a decrease of ammonia （NHH3） and a reduction of the NH4^＋ -N contents were observed. In the high temperature stage the NH3 concentration was 6 070.58, 5 125.18 and 4 127.08 mg.m^-3 （at 25 ℃） in the treatment CM＋CS, CM＋CS＋OS and CM＋CS＋C, respectively. During the composting process the contents of NH4^＋ -N decreased by 83.0%, 81.4% and 63.5%, nitrate （NO3^- -N） increased by 200%, 110% and 410%, organic-N （Norg） increased by 61.0%, 82.4% and 84.2%; total nitrogen （Ntot） increased by 28.8%, 38.8% and 54.4% for the three treatments, respectively. Nitrate as well as the water soluble organic nitrogen was leached in the temperature decreasing stage and in the stable stage. The value of electrical conductance （EC） and the pH decreased during composting in all treatments. At the end of composting the feces coliform value were all larger than 0.111, the pH was between 6-9 and the C/N was between 10-11, EC value was lower than 3 mS.cm^-1 in all three treatments. However, the germination index （GI） value was lower than 80%, implying that the phytotoxicity was not eliminated completely.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期1219-1225,共7页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
西北农林科技大学青年专项基金(06ZR047)
关键词
牛粪
玉米秸秆
果园土壤
炉渣
氮素变化
cattle manure
corn straw
orchard soil
cinder
nitrogen change
