摘要
应用人工模拟降雨实验,对紫色土丘陵区坡地产流及产沙特征进行了研究。(1)地表径流初始产流时间随着雨强和坡度的增加而加快,在0.7～9.5min之间变化;壤中流初始产流时间变化复杂,在2.6～46.4min之间变化,雨强是影响低坡度壤中流初始产流时间的主要因子;(2)地表径流累积量与雨强、坡度均成正比关系,壤中流累积量随着坡度和雨强的增大呈现出减小趋势;(3)地表径流雨后消退迅速,退水常数k(Barnes法)值为0.41～0.66,壤中流消退缓慢,退水常数为0.91～0.99;(4)同一降雨历时下,相对坡度而言,雨强是决定产沙量的主要因子,产沙量在23.4～972.3g/(m2.h)之间变化;在同一雨强下,产沙量随着坡度的增大而增加。就紫色土坡地而言,改良耕作制度和耕作措施,实施因地制宜的水保措施,提高坡地土壤入渗率和持水量,使降雨径流以壤中流形式产生,能更有效地防治水土流失。
Based on simulated rainfall experiments, the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield were studied on purple soils in the hilly area of Sichuan Basin. Results showed that the time lag of surface runoff increased with increased rainfall intensity and slope gradient and it ranged from 0.7 to 9.5 min. The time lag of subsurface flow ranged from 2.6 to 46.4 min. Rainfall intensity was the most important factor influencing subsurface flow. The cumulated amount of surface runoff increased with rainfall intensity and slope gradient, while the subsurface flow amount decreased with rainfall intensity and slop gradient. Surface runoff receded rapidly and the recession coefficient （k） ranged from 0.41 to 0.66. However, the subsurface flow receded slowly with k ranging from 0.91 to 0.99. Rainfall intensity was the key factor of sediment yield for the same rainfall duration and sediment yield varied from 23.4 to 972.3 g/（m2 · h） with increased rainfall intensity. Sediment yield increased with increased slope gradient for the same rainfall intensity.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期31-35,共5页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国科学院西部行动计划项目“三峡库区水土流失与面源污染控制试验示范”
关键词
人工降雨
地表径流
壤中流
径流消退
侵蚀
simulated rainfall surface runoff
soil water flow
runoff recession
soil erosion
