摘要
珠江口伶仃洋两岸5000年来沉积差异显著。西岸沉积了数千平方公里的三角洲平原,却失去了所有深水良港;而东岸的香港海岸,则长期处于侵蚀状态,保留了曲折的海岸和陡峻的水下岸坡,形成众多的深水港湾。以上差异对香港城市发展有深远影响。文章提出城港关系演变的3个阶段。香港高度发达的商业中心和现代化港口的各种功能系统在最狭小的空间里交叠在一起,带来城市发展的一系列问题。最后对今后50年香港城市发展进行情景分析。从持续发展的角度,指出计划的大屿山新港址有严重的策略选择问题。提出未来香港都市向大屿山东北扩展的策略选择。
Having been formed when sea level reached the present level approximately 5 000 years ago, all the present-day estuaries are geologically young. The sharp contrast on the geomorphologic features between the two sides of the Pearl River Estuary is mainly the results of differential deposition. Each year approximately 80 million tons of suspended sediments are brought into the sea by the Pearl River through its eight outlets. Because of the geographical setting and Coriolis force most of the sediments are transported and deposited along the western side of the Lingdingyang Estuary including Macao and Zhuhai. Comparatively very few suspended sediments from the river reach Hong Kong crossing the Lingdingyang estuary. As a result, the Pearl River Delta along the west side of the Lingdingyang Estuary was developed in the last 5000years. With the continuously growth of the delta all the deep water bays were filled up by rapid sedimentation creating thousands of acres of productive land. At the mean time, the 870km coastline of Hong Kong gained almost no land from either the river or the sea. The coastline remains dominated by a ria form with numerous potential port sites. The result of the differential sedimentation has a profound influence on the urban and infrastructure planning of Hong Kong, especially in regard with the metropolis-harbor development. A brief investigation on the history of Singapore, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Guangzhou, Macao and other major cities with full scale sea ports reveals that there are connnonty three phases in the development of the metropolis-harbor relation. The general trend of this relation is towards the separation of the metropolis and the harbor. Hong Kong is a highly developed international city and Victoria Harbor is a full scale seaport. Many of the functional(traffic, residential and industrial) systems operating for the metropolis and the seaport overlap and interlock in a extremely limited space. This condition is responsible for many urban developing problems in Hong Kong. In the last decade, Hong Kong government carried out a series consultant studies on the urban and infrastructure planning. The 'Port and Airport Development Strategy Studies' (PADS) propose and describe a most ambitious engineering project in Hong Kong's history. In this study a scenario analysis of the urban development of Hong Kong with regards to metropolis-harbor relation is conducted. The strategies proposed include combinations of choice for the siting of metropolis expanding and the new port. Two factors of the external environment considered in the analysis are: population growth and demands for expanding the port. The changes of the factors have been assumed under the 'Trend' and 'Accelerated'. Four levels of qualitative criteria for population density, traffic condition, environment quality and city image are used to evaluate the outcomes of each strategic combination and external environment scenarios for the year 2001, 2030 and 2050. The study indicates that due to the geographic limitation there are several possibilities for sitting of the new seaport, but the choice of sitting for expanding the metro areas is very limited and crucial. Based on the scenario analysis and in view of sustainable development, PADS studies may have serious strategic defect. The north-eastern Lantau Island is proposed as an important site for future city expanding.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第4期354-366,共13页
Quaternary Sciences
关键词
珠江口
香港
城市规划
沉积差异
海岸沉积
Pearl River Estuary, Hong Kong, scenario analysis, urban planning
