摘要
回顾了全球定位系统(GPS)探测气象参数(GPS/MET)的技术进展。全球定位系统探测气象参数利用GPS信号穿过大气受到大气折射而产生的延迟来探测大气中的温度、气压、水汽含量或湿度及电离层的电子浓度。就地基GPS/MET来看,GPS对中性大气层水汽的探测研究,主要集中在大气可降水量反演、水汽层析及GPS资料在数值预报模式中的应用等领域;GPS对电离层探测,主要应用于电离层变化的分析和研究,监测和预报电离层的危害方面。天基GPS/MET技术利用了导航卫星GPS星座和LEO小卫星在地球地平线边缘的上下相对运动,获取大气参数的垂直分布。GPS气象小卫星在太空飞行,探测范围大、频率高。两颗天基低轨GPS气象小卫星系统的高空资料收集能力就超过了现行全球高空气象探测能力的总和。天基GPS/MET掩星探测技术的业务实现将是全球高空大气探测技术发展的一次飞跃。GPS/MET的探测精度高、全天候、时间分辩率高、观测稳定、无需校正。可以预期,这种新型的探测手段将是未来大气探测系统中重要的组成部分,随着GPS探测站网的建设和业务化,它所提供的数据源,将会对气象、环境、水文和空间天气等学科领域的研究产生深刻的影响。
The technical progress in GPS observing meteorological parameter（GPS/MET） have been reviewed in this paper.GPS/MET observe temperature,pressure,water vapor content or humidity in the atmosphere and electron concentration in the ionosphere by using of the delay generated from the refraction when GPS signal passes the atmosphere.As far as ground-based GPS/MET was concerned,the observing research on water vapor in the neutral atmosphere,mostly focus on atmosphere precipitable water amount retrieval,water vapor CT and the application of GPS datum in numerical prediction mode and so on;GPS observation on ionosphere,mainly apply to analysis and research on change of electron concentration,monitor and predict ionosphere harm.Space-based GPS/MET can get vertical distribution of atmospheric parameter in space,utilized the up-and-down relative movement between navigational satellite GPS sites and LEO moonlet.GPS meteorological moonlets fly with more higher frequency（a few hundred time everyday） in the space,can obtain global information from 0 to 60 km（the scope of routine meteorological soundings is 0-30 km） and measure ionosphere more higher（60-800 km）.The high capacity collecting data of two Space-based low orbit GPS meteorological satellite systems have exceeded that of the present whole global operational Air-soundings observation.It is a rush for the technical development of global atmospheric observation from space,when the Space-based GPS/MET occultation observation technology would become operation.This has caused super attention to geoscience and Space Remote Sensing fields,from GPS/MET with higher precision,all weather,high temporal resolution,observation stabilization,no calibration.We can anticipant that such new observing technology is a important compositive part of atmospheric observation in the future,with the establishing of GPS station network and its operation,the new data resource will undoubtedly bring profound advancement to meteorology,environment and hydrology,space weather and so on.
出处
《气候与环境研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第2期212-224,共13页
Climatic and Environmental Research
基金
中国气象局新技术推广项目G2008M10
关键词
地基/空基GPS
气象参数
探测技术
ground/space-based GPS,meteorological parameter,observation technology
