摘要
2006—2007年生长季,通过田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田配施化学氮肥对冬小麦产量干物质积累、氮效率和产量的影响。结果表明,与单施氮肥相比,秸秆还田配施氮肥的冬小麦全生育期干物质积累总量较高,干物质积累量及其占全生育期干物质积累量的百分比抽穗前阶段较低,而抽穗到成熟阶段则较高。秸秆还田配施纯氮90、180、270和360kghm^-2比单施同量氮肥分别增产7.1%、8.4%、11.1%和10.2%,其中秸秆还田配施纯氮270kghm-2的产量最高,显著高于其他各处理。秸秆还田配施氮肥比单施氮肥提高冬小麦的氮效率,氮肥表观利用率、氮素生产效率和氮肥农学效率分别提高3.3%-9.2%、0.7-4.0和2.7-7.3kgkg^-1。
Long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer is approved to cause low nitrogen use efficiency in crops and environmental pollution by NO3^--N accumulation in soil. Straw returning to field takes the advantages of improving physical and chemical characteristics and nutrition status of soil, resulting in yield promotion of crops. The nitrogen managements for straw mulching cultivation have been studied well in single cropping system. The wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）-maize （Zea mays L.） double cropping system is typical in North China Plain, however, nitrogen fertilizer application regimes in straw-mulching double-cropping system extended rapidly in the region are poorly studied. In the current fixed-plot field experiments, we aimed at the changes of nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield under straw mulching plus a series of amount of nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat, and provided some advices on nitrogen application regime in mulch farming. A wheat cultivar, Zhoumai 14, was used in a two-factor randomized block design with 3 replicates. A total of 10 treatments were coded as NO, N90, N180, N270, and N360 for only nitrogen fertilizer applied （0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg ha^-1, respectively） and S＋N0, S＋N90, S＋N180, S＋N270, and S＋N360 for straw mulching plus nitrogen applications （nitrogen rates as above）, respectively. About 7 500 kg ha^-1 straw residue from previous cropping season was ploughed into soil. Compared with no straw mulching treatments, S＋N treatments increased dry matter accumulation during wheat growth. The S＋N treatments showed the amount and proportion of dry matter accumulation lower before heading than N treatments, but significantly higher at the period of heading to maturity. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rates, grain yields of S＋N90, S＋N180, S＋N270, and S＋N360 were higher than those of corresponding N treatments by 7.1%, 8.4%, 11.1%, and 10.2%, respectively. The S＋N270 treatment had the largest amount and increasing ratio of grain yield with significant differences from other S＋N and those of N treatments, indicating that S＋N270 might be the proper treatment in wheat production. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in S＋N treatments were higher than those of N treatments by 3.3-9.2%, 0.7-4.0, and 2.7-7.3 kg kg^-1, respectively. Our results indicate that returning straw to field has positive effects on winter wheat under the experimental conditions, and straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer has larger productivity than only applying nitrogen fertilizer.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期1014-1018,共5页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A15)
关键词
秸秆还田
氮肥
冬小麦
氮效率
产量
Returning straws to soil
Nitrogen fertilizer
Winter wheat
Nitrogen efficiency
Grain yield
