摘要
目的 了解2006年中国人口视力、听力、言语、肢体、智力和精神残疾的流行现状。方法 参照《第二次全国残疾人抽样调查残疾标准》，于2006年4月1日0时在31个省、自治区、直辖市抽取2526145人进行全国第二次残疾人抽样调查，对6类残疾的流行现状进行分析。结果 （1）全国总现患率为6．39％，与1987年的4、90％相比，升高1、49个百分点。其中肢体残疾现患率最高，为2.34％；言语残疾最低，为0．53％。（2）全国一、二级重度残疾人占29．49％，三、四级的中度和轻度残疾占70.51％，言语残疾一、二级的重度残疾人所占比例超过65％，精神残疾该比例超过45％，为6类残疾中重度残疾比例最高的两类残疾。（3）年龄、性别、居住地均与6类残疾相关，有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。（4）在各类残疾中，先天因素对言语残疾、智力残疾中的作用最大，分别占22、67％和22．41％。结论 从数据分析结果来看，2006年中国残疾人具有以下特点：老年残疾人比例高；残疾等级以中轻度为主，但重度残疾比例不低；农村残疾人比例高和致残原因多元化。
Objective To explore the prevalence of visual, hearing, speech, physical, intellectual and mental disabilities in China, 2006. Methods The reference time of the Second National Sample Survey on Disability was zero hour, April 1, 2006, and 2 526 145 individuals were investigated from 31 provinces autonomous regions or municipalities under the ＂Disability Classification and Standards for the Second National Sampling Survey on Disability＂. The classified prevalence rates of 6 types of disability was analyzed. Results （1） The overall prevalence of disabilities was 6.39 %, which was 1.49 percent higher than the prevalence rate in 1987. The prevalence of physical disability was the highest （2.34 % ）, while the speech disability was the lowest （0.53 % ）. （2）29.49 % of all the disabled persons were classified as severe who suffered grade-1 and grade-2 while 70.51% of them were moderately and mildly disabled suffering from grade-3 and grade-4. Over 65 % of the speech disability and over 45 % of the mental disability were identified, which were much higher than the other 4 types of disability. （3）The correlation between age, gender, residential place and each of 6 types of disability were statistically significant （P〈 0. 001 ）. （4） Among all the disabling factors of speech disability and mental retardation disability, congenital factors made great contribution （22.67% and 22.41% respectively）. Conclusion According to the analysis results, the characteristics of disabled persons in China were as follows ： ageing population had high prevalence rate of disability; all the population mainly suffered moderate and mild disability, but the proportion of severe disability was not low; the prevalence rate was higher and the main reasons caused disability were diversification in rural area.
出处
《中华流行病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第7期634-638,共5页
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划“973”计划资助项目（2007CB511900）
教育部长江学者奖励计划资助项目
中国残疾人联合会资助项目
北京大学“985”和“211”资助项目
关键词
残疾
现患率
流行现状分析
Disabilities
Prevalence
Cross-sectional analysis
