摘要
呼吸道感染依然是小儿最常见的感染性疾病,其中肺炎仍是威胁儿童健康的第一杀手。呼吸道感染细菌病原及其耐药的变迁是动态的,肺炎链球菌是呼吸道感染的首位病原菌,其对青霉素、大环内酯类等抗生素的耐药性急剧上升。流感嗜血杆菌是又一重要病原菌,感染人群主要是婴幼儿和有基础肺部疾病者。卡他莫拉菌高产-β内酰胺酶,给抗生素的选择带来困难。金黄色葡萄球菌是社区和院内呼吸道感染的重要致病菌,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌等革兰阴性杆菌是院内呼吸道感染的重要病原菌,这些病原菌耐药机制的多重性和复杂性值得临床关注。
Respiratory tract infections are still the most common infectious diseases in children, and pneumonia is the ＂first killer＂ threatening the health of children. Pathogens causing respiratory tract infections and their antimicrobial resistance continue to change. Streptococcus pneurnoniae is the most common pathogen causing respiratory tract infections, the resistance to penicillin and especially to macrolides has rapidly increased. Haernaphilus influenzae is another important pathogen and the susceptible population is infants and the patients with underlying pulmonary diseases. Moraxella catarrhalis produces β-lactamase and causing difficulties in choosing antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in community-and hospital acquired respiratory tract infections. Escherichia coli, KlebsieUa pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all important pathogens in nosocomial respiratory infections. Attention should be paid on the multiple and complex resistant mechanisms of these pathogens.
出处
《临床儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第6期455-458,共4页
Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
关键词
呼吸道感染
细菌病原
儿童
respiratory tract infections
bacteria pathogens
childhood
