摘要
2005年4～12月，逐月对长江口九段沙上沙湿地生态系统主要植物群落进行了定位样品采集与生态环境因子监测。通过对样品的分析化验，研究了该区典型湿地植物群落的海三棱蔗草（Scirpus mariqueter）、互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）和芦苇（Phragmites australis）3种植物中钾元素的空间分布特征和时间动态变化规律，揭示了上沙主要类型湿地植物钾元素的含量特征、分布、迁移与积累规律。结果表明：①上沙不同湿地群落植物钾元素的含量与分布规律存在差异，3种植物相比，叶、叶鞘和茎或秆的钾含量均以海三棱蔗草最高；果实和地下部分的钾含量以芦苇最高；叶和地下部分的钾含量以互花米草最低。3种植物果实钾含量的差异最大，地下部分钾含量的差异最小。海三棱蔗草叶的钾含量最高，其次为秆、叶鞘和根，果实的钾含量最低。互花米草茎的钾含量最高，其次为叶、果实、叶鞘与根，须根的钾含量最低。芦苇果实的钾含量最高，其次为叶、茎、根状茎与叶鞘，根的钾含量最低。②不同时期，植物钾元素贮量受钾元素含量和生物量的影响程度存在差异，但总体影响程度基本相当。芦苇钾元素贮量最高，互花米草其次，海三棱蔗草最低。3种植物叶的钾贮量差异最小，而地下部分的钾贮量差异最大。③植物中钾元素含量随植物生长发育过程而呈动态变化。不同植物以及不同植物构件中钾含量变化规律有明显的共性，3种植物总体表现为，随着生长进程，植物钾含量逐渐减少。植物生长初期，茎的钾含量最高，地下部分钾含量最低；旺盛生长期，叶的钾含量普遍比较高，最低值不一致；生长末期最后阶段，地下部分钾含量最高，叶鞘的钾含量最低。
The plant samples were monthly collected and environmental factors were monitored in the fixed position of Upper shoal of the Jiuduansha wetland at the estuary of the Yangzi River from April to December 2005. By analyzing on kalium element in plant samples, the special distribution characteristics and temporal dynamics of kalium element were studied on 3 typical species of communities,Scirpus mariqueter,Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis communities. It was revealed the content, distribution, transfer and accumulation of kalium in the 3 species of communities. The results showed the content and distribution of kalium were different in 3 plant communities. Comparing 3 species of plant communities, the contents of kalium were the highest in leaf, stalk and sheath in Scirpus mariquete community, they were the highest in fruit and underground part in Phragmites australis community; but they were the lowest in leaf and underground part in Spartina alterniflora community. The difference of kalium content was the most in fruit among 3 species of plant communities, but it was the least in underground part. The kalium content of leaf was the maximum, the next was stalk, sheath, root and fruit in Scirpus mariqueter community;the maximum one was in stalk, then was leaf, fruit, sheath, root and fibre in Spartina alterniflora community ; the maximum one was in Phragmites australis community. The influence effective root, the next was leaf, stalk, rhizome, sheath and root in was different of kalium reserves by biomass and content of kalium in the growing process of plant. Approximately was the same in general. The reserves of kalium was the maximum in Phragmites australis community, the next was Spartina alterniflora community, Scirpus mariqueter community. The difference of kalium reserves was the least in leaf of 3 species of plants, but the one was the most in the underground part of 3 species of plants. Kalium content was various with the growing process of plant, their dynamics were different in 3 species of plants and different organs, the kalium content was reduced gradually with the growing process in the general changing trend within growing season. At the initial stage of plants growing, kalium content of stalk contained the highest, underground part contained the lowest. At the blooming period of plant growing,leaf contained more content of kalium, but the lowest one was not the same. and at the last stage of the plants growing, the content of kalium was the highest in the underground part, sheath was the lowest in the content of kalium.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2008年第2期185-191,共7页
Wetland Science
基金
2004年上海市科学技术委员会重大攻关项目(04DZ19302)
国家自然科学基金项目(40771013)资助
关键词
湿地植物
钾元素
分布
动态
积累
九段沙
wetland plant
kalium element
distribution
dynamics
accumulation
Jiuduansha
