摘要
南水北调是解决我国北方地区水资源短缺的一项重大调水工程,其中,水环境质量问题是南水北调东线工程的最大隐患。农业面源污染作为南水北调沿线的主要污染源之一,对其进行综合防治,是沿线生态环境和水质安全的重要保证,也是保证南水北调工程成功的关键因素。采用污染负荷估算法,对南水北调东线工程淮河流域段的农业面源污染负荷进行了估算,并分析了其时空分布特征。结果表明,淮河流域内南水北调东线工程沿线的入河农业面源污染年负荷分别为:BOD5约3.6万t·a-1,COD约9.0万t·a-1,TN约1.4万t·a-1,NH4+-N约0.14万t·a-1。其中汛期负荷量占年总量的70%左右;湖东区单位面积面源负荷量比湖西区的相对较大,主要与地形地势等因素有关。研究结果可为沿南水北调东线工程淮河流域段的水环境保护措施和污染控制规划提供科学依据。
The South-to-North Water Diversion project in China is of great strategic significance to solve the problem of water shortage in the north of China. However water quality is one of the key issues of this water diversion project, especially for the East Line Project because of its existed heavy pollution pressure. The study area located in Huai River basin along the East Line Project is an important agricultural area in China, and many researches proved that agricultural nonpoint source pollution had become main threat for surface water bodies in this area. Therefore the synthetical control measures of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in the research area is crucial for ensuring the success of water diversion project, as well as the eco-environmental sustainable development and water safety. In this paper, an estimation method was adopted to calculate the pollution loads, including total nitrogen （TN）, ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and biologic oxygen demand（BODs）and chemical oxygen demand （COD）. The temporal and spatial distributions of non-point source.pollution in the study area were also analyzed. The calculated results of agricultural nonpoint source pollution loads are about 360 BOD5, 90 COD, 14 TN and 1.4 NH4^＋-N thousand ton per year respectively. In general, the pollutant loads discharged in flood season account for about 70% of the total amount, because heavy nonpoint source pollution often occur in heavy storms. Spatially, the loads per unit area discharged from the east area of Nansi lake are larger than that from the west, mainly owing to the steeper topology and the consequent larger water and soil loss in the east area. Hereby, the water and soil conservation in mountainous area is much more important to mitigate agricultural nonpoint source pollution. These research results can provide useful basis for pollution control in the study area.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期1437-1441,共5页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(50709016)
清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金(Sklhse-2006-A-02)
关键词
农业面源污染
负荷计算
南水北调东线
淮河流域
agricultural nonpoint source pollution
pollution loads
east line of South-to-North Water Diversion project
Huai River basin
