摘要
大熊猫和小熊猫是食肉目中尤为引人注目的两个物种,均特化为以竹类为生,在四川西部的横断山地同域共存。近年来化石和分子生物学等方面的证据表明两者亲缘关系较远,其在诸多形态特征上的相似乃是长期趋同进化的结果。竹子是一类低营养价值的食物,有丰富的储量及相对稳定的营养组成,保障了两种熊猫的长期续存。由于仍保留着食肉动物消化系统的典型特征,大熊猫、小熊猫对食物的消化利用率极低,两者在一些生态习性(如独栖、无冬眠、巢域普遍重叠及具有活动与休息多次交替的昼夜活动模式等)的相似可能反映了这种特殊食物的影响。此外,大熊猫和小熊猫在食性、昼夜活动节律及微生境利用上的差异与其体型大小及系统发育有关,有利于两者在川西横断山地的同域共存。
Highly specialized as bamboo feeders, both the giant panda and red panda occupy a special niche in Carnivora, making them extremely important from a scientific standpoint. Evidences from fossils and molecular data during the recent 20 30 years uncovered that both pandas are related to each other distantly, many similar morphological characters, such as broad zygomatic arches, cusped cheek teeth and false thumbs, can contribute to convergent adaptation to their special food. As a poor-quality food source, bamboo is abundant and keeps constant year-round nutritional levels, enabling both pandas to subsist on. Due to digestive tracts characteristic of carnivores, both pandas exhibit a very low digestive rate to their ingested food, and some similar ecological traits （such as solitary lifestyle, no hibernation in winter, overlapping of home ranges and circadian activity pattern characteristic of alternate multiple activities and rests） seem to be affected by such kind of food. Some differences existing in their other ecological traits, including diet composition, circadian rhythm and microhabitat selection, were assumed to be related to their body size and phylogenesis, facilitating them sympatric coexistence in western Sichuan mountainous ranges.
出处
《四川动物》
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第4期687-692,共6页
Sichuan Journal of Zoology
基金
国家自然科学基金(30670305)
四川省青年科技基金(07ZQ026-017)
四川省重点学科建设项目(SZD0420)
西华师范大学科研项目(06A008)资助
关键词
大熊猫
小熊猫
系统演化
生态特性
食谱
体型大小
同域共存
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Ailurus fulgens
phylogenesis
ecological traits
diet
body size
sympatric coexistence
