摘要
对巴山北坡2个干扰环境下的栓皮栎种群结构、数量动态和空间分布格局进行对比研究。种群A分布于较低海拔地区,距离居民点近,持续受到砍柴、放牧等强烈干扰,群落发育较差;种群B分布于较高海拔,远离居民点,受人为干扰少,群落发育较好。结果表明:A种群的更新能力较弱,幼龄个体数量少,并以萌生起源幼龄个体占优势,呈现衰退势态,种群B更新能力较强,幼龄个体数量丰富,以实生起源个体占优势,呈现持续发展势态;2个种群存活曲线均属于DeeveyⅢ,在I-Ⅲ龄期,幼苗死亡率最高;萌生苗在资源利用方面占有明显优势,在幼苗到幼树的生长转化过程中,比例逐渐增大;不同生境栓皮栎种群幼苗、小幼树、大幼树和大树均呈聚集分布,但种群聚集强度均随着年龄的增加而逐渐减小;对影响栓皮栎种群生长和发育的环境因素主成分分析表明,人为干扰是最主要的影响因子。在未来的经营和管理中,低海拔地区应尽量减少人为干扰和间伐频次,保留足够数量的结实母树,促进种群结实及种子成苗;应适时对高海拔地区种群进行抚育,间伐非目的树种,调整环境因素和种间关系,促进天然条件下种群结实和种子成苗。
Population diameter structure, life table, survival curve, and distribution pattern of Quercus variabilis in different disturbed conditions in northern slope of Bashan Mountain were studied. Since 1950, Q. variabilis population A declined gradually, because it distributed in the lower altitude, near to the villages, and was disturbed strongly by human activity. To the contrast Q. variabilis population B performed well, because it distributed in the higher altitude, far away the village, and was little disturbed by human activity. The results showed： Q. variabilis population A was weaker than Q. variabilis population B in the population regenerating ability, population B had abundant young individuals, and the trees derived from the seedlings took a larger proportion while population A had less young individuals and the trees from sprouting occupied a larger proportion; The survival curves of both Q. variabilis populations A and B in different habitats were Deevey III type, and the death rate was the highest during I, II, III size class; The proportion of sprouting seedlings increased gradually from size class I to III, because they were much better than the seedling from seed making use of spaces and resources; The distribution patterns of the two types of Q. variabilis populations in different habitats were aggregative. However, as the age increased, the intensity of aggregation decreased; According to the principal component analysis （PCA） of the main environmental factors that influenced the growth and developing of two Q. variabilis populations, the human disturbance and soil conditions were the most important factors. In the future, the habitat for population A should be protected from the human disturbance, mother trees should be kept to bear enough seeds. The cultural practices for the population B are to adjust the environmental factors and the relations among species, to promote the reproduction and seedling development and to thin the non-aim species.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第7期11-16,共6页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30740059)
中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-05)
国家十一五科技支撑课题(2006BAD09B03)
关键词
栓皮栎
种群结构
分布格局
主成分分析
Quercus variabilis
population structure
distribution pattern
principal component analysis
