摘要
研究了化工事故中偏差连锁关系以及控制化工事故的作用连锁关系。将变化论的思想应用到HAZOP分析中,提出了一种基于序列偏差的HAZOP分析程序,用于化工过程危险辨识。在常规HAZOP分析的基础上构建序列偏差图,以此确定各个偏差的重要度,选择偏差控制策略。以某聚氯乙烯聚合工艺过程中的偏差"引发剂贮槽搅拌无"为例介绍了该方法,应用该方法认清了偏差如何发展为事故,如何选择控制策略,以预防事故发生,达到系统安全的目的。
The present paper is to introduce its authors＇ research on the ways to assess and identify deviations that would occur in chemical processes for enhancing chemical production safety. As is known, HAZOP （Hazard and Oporabihty analysis） has already proved a good method for identifying deviations in chemical process. Yet, its application and research are merely restricted in the cases when deviations are likely to lead to serious consequences. Such a kind of industrial practice is wrong in that it not only overlooks the actual relation among the different kinds of deviations, but also fails to understand the intricate sequences resulted from the given deviations along with the chains of related deviations. And, in turn, it wouldn＇ t be possible to arrive at a comprehensive and rational identification of the likely processes to take place from the study of the currently existing deviations. Therefore, the present paper thinks it of vital importance to deal with the given problem of HAZOP study from the point of view of the accident theory of cause and effect evolution and deployment. That is to say, accident should be taken as the result of natural, continuous, accumulative and even unavoidable logic evolution and developments of a series of visible or invisible events. Applying this cause-and-effect consequential theory to HAZOP study, a sequential deviations based model has been proposed in this article to be applied to chemical process hazards identification. Furthermore, a sequence deviations diagram has been constructed on the basis of the routine HAZOP estimation practice, including basic reasons, deviations and accidents. Next, significant deviations could be collected, recorded and selected in accordance with their importance, which can then be determined by the severity of the consequences of the accidents and their impacts on the accident. After that, control strategies are expected to be established. The way of application of the method suggested here can be shown by our case study of a PVC polymerization plant, in which the above said diagram is established from the deviation of none of stirring of initiator tank. The result of our application proves that the suggested method is both useful and practical.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
2008年第4期105-109,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
