摘要
凯恩斯在《就业、利息和货币通论》中,在评析庇古的"自愿失业"和"摩擦失业"的基础上,提出了"非自愿失业"论,认为资本主义社会存在严重的经济危机和严重的失业。同时,凯恩斯认为有效需求是决定社会总就业量的关键性因素,从而否定了萨伊定律,即"供给创造自身的需求",提出"需求可以创造自身的供给"。他认为,有效需求决定就业量和收入,失业是由有效需求不足造成的,有效需求不足是由消费需求和投资需求不足造成的,而产生消费需求和投资需求不足的根本原因在于"三个基本的心理因素":边际消费倾向、资本边际效率和流动偏好。因而他主张国家干预经济,因为只有国家干预经济,刺激有效需求,才能达到"充分就业";并且这种干预存在乘数效应,即可以起到对就业量和收入的加倍作用。
Basing on the analysis of Prof＇ s voluntary unemployment and frictional unemployment, John Maynard Keynes raised his theory of ＂involuntary unemployment＂ in general theory of employment interest and money, that there is serious economic crisis and unemployment in capitalist society. Meanwhile, Keynes thinks that effective demand is the key factor which decides the total employment of the society. He denies the say＇ s law of markets that supply creates its own demand, but thinks that ＂demand creates its own supply＂. Effective demand decides the employment and income; unemployment is caused by deficient effective demand, and deficient effective demand is caused by deficient consumer and investment demand. ＂Three basic psychological factors＂ cause the deficient consumer and investment demand： marginal propensity to consume, that state government should marginal efficiency of capital, and liquidity preference. Keynes＇ s opinion is interfere in economy and stimulate the effective demand, so that ＂full employment＂ can be achieved. This kind of interfere has multiplier effects, which can double the employment and income.
出处
《兰州商学院学报》
2008年第4期61-67,共7页
Journal of Lanzhou Commercial College
关键词
非自愿失业
充分就业
有效需求
凯恩斯革命
involuntary unemployment
full employment
effective demand
Keynes revolution
