摘要
为了研究泥石流堵塞坝溃决的模式,采用模型实验对堵塞坝溃决的过程进行模拟,实验历时2个月,共13组。实验中,通过改变主沟的水力参数和坝体参数研究泥石流堵塞坝溃决的全过程,并作了相关记录。通过对理论和实验数据的分析,泥石流堵塞坝的溃决形式有3种:冲刷溃决、有表面流的泥石流堆积体水力再启动、没有表面流的泥石流堆积体重力再启动。讨论了冲刷溃决中颗粒启动和有面流泥石流水力再启动的临界条件,并分析了启动流速u0和颗粒粒径D之间的关系;分析了泥石流重力再启动时堵塞坝坡面破坏的一般形式和特征;通过实验数据对不同溃决形式的溃决条件进行了验证,结果比较吻合。
In order to study the patterns of debris-flow dam break, model tests are conducted to simulate the process of debris-flow dam break. 13 groups of tests last 2 months. All the processes of the tests by changing hydraulic conditions of mainstream and parameters of the dam are studied and recorded. Theoretic analysis and experimental observation show 3 patterns of debris-low dam break, erosive breach, hydraulic re-initiation of sediments of debris flow with surface flow and gravitational re-initiation of sediments of debris flow without surface flow. The critical conditions of initiation of grains in the course of erosive break and the prerequisite of hydraulic initiation with surface flow are given. The relations between initiation velocity /u0 and grain size /D are also discussed. The characteristics and patterns of dam slope damage in case of gravitational re-initiation of sediments of debris flow are analyzed. The calculations generally accord with the experiment when we validate the break conditions of different shapes with experimental data.
出处
《灾害学》
CSCD
2008年第3期15-19,26,共6页
Journal of Catastrophology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40771024)
交通部西部交通建设科技项目(200631879284)
关键词
模型实验
泥石流
泥石流堵塞坝
溃决模式
临界条件
model test
debris-flow
debris-flow dam
dam-break patterns
critical condition
