摘要
为有效控制大黄田赖草,减少对土壤水分、养分的消耗,对赖草的生物学特性、危害损失及其控制进行了调查研究。结果表明:赖草株高45～120cm,单生或丛生,具下伸土壤30～50cm耕层间有横走根群,每平方米内,深50cm耕层内赖草根茎总重量为1129.3g,根茎总长度为2783.3cm,根茎上的新芽589.7个,使土壤严重缺水,肥力下降;土壤水分在13.4%左右时,对出苗影响不大,对生长发育有很大的影响;气温在-6～6℃,根茎萌发出土,高峰期为4月上旬,平均单株结种量为468.4粒;每平方米内有赖草120～160株时,大黄产量损失达15.8%～17.8%;田间每平方米内有赖草1株时,采用人工或机械深耕捡出地下根茎,减轻翌年危害来源。赖草密度较大时,采用10%草甘瞵铵盐水剂22.5～30.0kg/hm2,将大黄苗用塑料薄膜遮盖,于赖草1～3叶期茎叶均匀喷施,防效达98%。田间无赖草时,应重视田埂赖草的防治,有效切断田埂赖草根茎传播于田间,且不污染农田土壤环境,有利于中藏药大黄的持续、稳定发展。
In order to control Leymus secalinus in Rheum officinale Baill. field efficiently and decrease consumption of soil water and nutrient, the biological characteristics, harm, prevention and cure of L. secalirtus have been investigated and analyzed. As a result, it was indicated that the L. secalinus was 45-120 cm in height, exhibited the growth in single or cluster, and expanded its roots transversely in the soil layer of 30-50 cm. In the 50 cm plough layer per m^2 area, the total rootstalk weight of L. secalinus was 1129.3 g, and the total rootstalk length of L. secalinus was 2783.3 cm, and the total fresh bud of rootstalk was 589.7, all which caused soil water-absent and fertility-deficient. When the soil water was about 13.4%, L. secalinus seedlings came out normally but their development was affected greatly. When air temperature was -6-6℃, L. secalinus rootstalks sprouted from soil, which was up to top stage in the first ten days of April, and the average seed number of individual plant was 68.4. When the number of L. secalinus in R. officinale Baill. field was 120-160 per m^2, the loss of rhubarb yield was 15.8%-17.8%. When the number of L. secalinus was one per m^2, manual work or mechanic and deep plough was employed to pick out the down-ground rootstalks in order to alleviate the next year＇s harm. When the density of L. secalinus was high, 10% Glyphosate 22.5-30.0 kg/ hm^2 was adopted and distributed uniformly with the coverage of R. officinale Baill. seedlings by plastics film during the 1 -3 leaf-stage of L. secalinus, and the prevention and cure rate was up to 98%. The prevention and cure of L. secalinus of the ridge field was emphasized to switch off the spread of L. secalinus of the ridge field effectively. However, it is favorable and important that the environment of agricultural field was not polluted and the persistent and steady development of Chinese rhubarb R. officinale Baill. was presented.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2008年第9期335-338,共4页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
青海省科技厅资助项目"青海中藏药材主要病
虫
草害防治及施肥技术研究"(2003-01-N-004)
关键词
大黄田
赖草
生物学特性
危害损失
防治
Rheum officinale Baill. Field, Leymus secalinus, biological characteristics, harm, prevention
