摘要
目的探讨凉山州麻疹流行病学特点及防治特点。方法对2006年7月至2007年6月在本院住院治疗的371例麻疹患儿的流行病学特点、麻疹减毒活疫苗接种情况、临床症状、实验室检查结果及治疗转归进行回顾性分析。对患儿性别、民族、预防接种、发病地区方面数据采用x^2检验。麻疹纳入标准为:发病前10 d～14 d有麻疹接触史;出疹前经过2 d～4 d的前驱期,表现为发热、呼吸道卡他症状、畏光、流泪;口腔黏膜见麻疹黏膜斑;身体自上而下皮疹,3 d～4 d出齐,并按出疹先后消退,遗留色素沉着。不典型病例依据:1个月内未接种过麻疹减毒活疫苗而在血清中查到麻疹IgM抗体。结果本研究结果显示,本病流行高峰期为秋、冬季,62.0%(230/371)患者来自农村,76.5%(284/371)发病年龄<3岁,22.6%发病年龄<8个月,婴儿发病有明显增加趋势。62.5%患儿未接种麻疹疫苗,未接种率彝族与汉族间,农村与城镇间比较,差异有显著意义。本组不典型麻疹病例为42例(11.3%,42/371)。结论小儿麻疹发病年龄趋向低龄化,3岁以下婴幼儿为高发人群,易感人群的积累和传染源的增加是此次麻疹流行的主要原因。
Objective To review the clinic properties of measles during epidemic outbreak in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and discuss further its implications for prevention. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on measles children. The regional vaccine innoculations, clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and therapeutic results from an epidemiological view were summarized from 371 cases from July 2006 to June 2007. Measles diagnosis was relied on clinical history and symptoms： measles exposure, 2- 4 days＇ prodrome, together with fever, respiratory catarrh, light intolerance, lacrimation and Koplik spots in oral mucosa. In addition, the typical measles rash sequence is the sufficient diagnostic proof that rashes start from face and head, spread to the lower body, persist for 3- 4 days, and fade with pigmentation. Results The peak period of measles was between October and March. More than 80% cases had the typical rash history, and patients whose ages were lower than 3 years and 8 months accounted for 76.5% and 22.6% respectively, suggesting a high propensity of measles occurrence at lower age. 62. 5% of vaccinated patients did not immune to measles, which suggesting vaccination efficiency should be ameliorated. A typical measles diagnosis was supported by the finding of measles specific IgM in the serum without the attenuated live measles vaccine inoculation in one month. A statistical significance was tested by Chi-square. Conclusion The average age of susceptible measles population begins to decrease in children, especially those under 3 years. Improved the measles inoculation program would be promising to prevent the measles outbreak.
出处
《中华妇幼临床医学杂志（电子版）》
CAS
2008年第4期44-46,共3页
Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition)
关键词
麻疹
麻疹疫苗
易感人群
婴幼儿
measles
measles vaccine
susceptible population
infants
