摘要
儿童独立活动性意指未满18岁的儿童在没有成人陪伴的情况下于公共空间活动的自由程度。在澳大利亚和国际上,过去30年儿童的独立活动性受到了很大的限制。对其原因的推测主要包括两个方面:规划设计因素.例如较低的密度、较少的土地混合使用,更宽的道路以及更多的汽车交通量;社会因素,例如对交通和陌生人威胁的担忧的增长。限制儿童独立活动性的负面影响包括:在知识和对邻里环境的掌握方面限制了儿童的生理和社会发展,同时增加了其对汽车的依赖。悖论的是.无论是在交通安全还是陌生人威胁方面,越是选择把儿童放在汽车上安全性反而越低。增加儿童的独立活动性一方面需要缓解父母对交通和陌生人威胁的担忧,另一方面还需要创造物质环境以鼓励儿童享受独立安全步行的权利。在对这个问题进行全面总结之后,本文将聚焦于一个墨尔本地区的从促进儿童独立活动性出发改善具体社会和物质环境的案例研究。
Children＇ s independent mobility means the freedom of those under 18 to move around in public space without adult accompaniment. In Australia and internationally, children＇ s independent mobility has been greatly restricted over the past 30 years. Two primary sets of reasons have been hypothesized： planning and design considerations such as lower densities, less land use mix, bigger roads and more car traffic; and social considerations such as increased concerns around traffic and stranger danger. The negative impacts of restricting children＇ s independent mobility include limiting children＇ s physical and social development in terms of knowledge and mastery of the neighbourhood environment and increased dependence on cars. Paradoxically, the more people choose to put their children in cars, the less safe it is, in terms of both traffic safety and stranger danger. Increasing children＇ s independent mobility would require both allaying parental fears about traffic and stranger danger, and creating physical environments that encourage children＇ s right to walk safely on their own. After providing a general overview of the problem, this paper will focus on a Melbourne-area case study of specific social and physical environment improvements arising from considering children＇ s independent mobility.
出处
《国际城市规划》
CSSCI
2008年第5期56-61,共6页
Urban Planning International
