摘要
某石化公司制氢转化炉炉管在运行不到40 000 h后突然破裂起火,宏观检测、表面探伤,力学性能测试,能谱、金相、电镜、X射线、应力等分析表明:炉管材料晶界碳化物过多以及疏松空洞的存在削弱了韧性,产生了较多的微观裂纹,加上管外保温材料中存在较多的Na+,Cl,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,导致下猪尾管到下支耳之间应力较大部位发生应力腐蚀开裂,58号炉管首先开裂泄漏起火,其他炉管在外部火焰烘烤下短时高温损伤、变形鼓包直至开裂。针对失效原因提出了今后使用过程中应采取的防护措施。
The reformer tubes made of HP40Nb used in the conversion stove for hydrogen generation in a petrochemical company experienced burst and firing after being in service for less than 40 000 h.Thus macroscopic examination , surface inspection, mechanical test, together with energy spectrum analysis, metallographic analysis, electron microscope inspection, X-ray diffraction analysis, and stress analysis were conducted to reveal the causes leading to the failure.It was found that the toughness of the reformer tubes was weakened by excessive carbide at crystal boundaries and loose holes contained in material, which led to microcracks.Besides, stress corrosion cracking was initiated between the outlet nozzle and bottom support with large stress in the presence of a large amount of Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the exterior heat-preservation material of the tubes.Subsequently, leak and firing of No.58 tube first occurred, accompanied by damage of other tubes owing to roasting in the exterior, followed by bulging and final breakage. preventive measures were suggested for future use of the former tubes with respect to those reasons.
出处
《材料保护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第10期75-77,共3页
Materials Protection
基金
中石化科研(X503018)资助
关键词
炉管失效
应力腐蚀开裂
制氢
转化炉
原因分析
failure of stove tube
stress corrosion failure
hydrogen generation
conversion stove
analysis
