摘要
糯米灰浆是我国古代应用最广泛的建筑粘接材料,本文通过对西安明代城墙灰浆样品的DSC-TGA、FT-IR、XRD、SEM分析和碘-淀粉实验表明,灰浆的主要无机成份是方解石晶型的碳酸钙,有机成份主要是没有降解的糯米成份。实验发现,糯米浆对碳酸钙方解石结晶体的大小和形貌有明显的调控作用,在一定浓度范围内,糯米浆浓度越大,生成的方解石结晶度越低,颗粒越小,结构也越致密;同时,糯米淀粉能够很好地粘结碳酸钙纳米颗粒并填充其微孔隙。这些是糯米灰浆具有强度大、韧性好、防渗性优越等良好力学性能的微观基础。另一方面,受糯米浆包裹而反应不全的石灰又抑制了细菌的滋生,使糯米成分长期不腐。糯米灰浆应该是中国古代建筑史上的一项重要科技发明。对糯米一石灰清液加固性能和膏浆粘接性能等方面的实验室研究表明,糯米灰浆加固性能良好,完全可以作为今天古建筑修复材料使用。同时,利用糯米灰浆的生物矿化机理,有可能开发出与建筑物本体和谐、与环境友好的新型文物加固材料。
The authors,from the Laboratory of Cultural Relics Conservation Materials of the Department of Chemistry at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou,point out that sticky rice mortar was an organic-inorganic hybrid splicing material used extensively in ancient Chinese buildings because of its excellent performance.In this paper,mortar samples from the city wall of the Ming dynasty in Xi'an were analysed using FT-IR,DSC-TGA,SEM and XRD technologies.These tests demonstrated that the main inorganic ingredient was calcite and,based on the results of FTIR and starch-iodine testing,the organic composite was proved to be sticky rice.Further study showed that the amount of calcite was controlled by the quantity of sticky rice;the more the sticky rice,the more extensive the degree of crystallization of the calcite,the smaller the size of the calcite particles and the denser the mortar.The gaps between the particles of calcite were filled with sticky rice and all the particles of calcite formed a composite.These findings demonstrated why sticky rice mortar is so effective.On the other hand,due to the antibacterial activity of unaltered calcium hydroxide,the sticky rice can survive for a long time,and this is why it was an important technological invention in the history of construction in ancient China.The reinforcing performance of sticky rice-lime liquid and sticky rice-lime mortar were also studied.The results indicated that the reinforcing performance,such as cementation ability,resistant force,surface hardness and waterproofing ability,was greatly improved when sticky rice and lime were used in an appropriate ratio,which suggests that the formulation of the sticky rice mortar was correct from the perspective of material science.As a material used for thousands of years,its efficacy and compatibility with ancient buildings and the environment make sticky rice mortar highly suitable in the repair of old buildings.Following the bio-mineralization of sticky rice mortar,new materials compatible with ancient buildings and the environment can be examined for use in the restoration of historic relics.
出处
《故宫博物院院刊》
北大核心
2008年第5期105-114,共10页
Palace Museum Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准文号:20671080)
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(批准文号:2006BAK30802)
