4Fjjii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanska H, et al. Prevention of PONV with granisetron ,droperidol or melhclopramide in patients with postoperative emesis. Can I Anaesth, 1997,44:820.
二级参考文献19
1刘俊杰 赵俊.现代麻醉学(第2版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.307.
2Golembiewski J, Chernin E, Chopra T. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Am J Health Syst Pharm,2005,62:1247-1260.
3Kotsias BA. Scopolamine and the murder of King Hamlet.Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2002,128: 847-849.
4杨世杰.药理学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.182.
5Renner UD, Oertel R, Kirch W, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine. Ther Drug Monit,2005,27:655-665.
6Golembiewski JA, O' Brien D. A systematic approach to the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Perianesth Nurs, 2002,17: 364-376.
7Apfel CC,Laara E,Koivuranta M,et al. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology, 1999,91 : 693-700.
8Charbit B, Albaladejo P, Funck-Brentano C, et al. Prolongation of QTc interval after postoperative nausea and omiting treatment by droperidol or ondansetron. Anesthesiology, 2005,102:1094-1100.
9De Witte JL, Kim JS, Sessler DI, et al. Tramadol reduces the sweating, vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesth Analg, 1998,87 : 173-179.
10Watcha MF,White PF.Postoperative nausea and vomiting:its etiology,treatment,and prevention.Anesthesiology,1992,77:162-184.