汶川地震后四川大学学生应急能力及心理状况调查被引量：2

A Survey of Emergency Response Capability during Wenchuan Earthquake among College Students

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摘要目的了解汶川地震后大学生应急能力和灾后心理感受状况,以及防震相关知识的掌握情况,为进一步增强大学生灾害应急能力、提升其面对地震灾害的心理素质提供参考。方法采用方便抽样的方法,抽取四川大学1%的在校大学生,以面对面访谈的方式用自制问卷对大学生进行调查。采用Epidata 3.0录入数据,SPSS1 3.0进行统计分析。结果共发放问卷527份,回收有效问卷517份,有效回收率98.10%。多数学生对地震基础知识的掌握情况较好,对各问题能正确回答者占65.4%～97.7%;但仅12.77%的被调查者表示参加过地震逃生训练。震后恐惧者占15.2%,不安者占59.4%,镇定者占25.4%。是否接受过心理干预,是影响大学生震后心理感受状况的重要因素(P=0.002),而性别、年级、专业和是否参加过逃生训练均不是大学生震后心理感受情况的影响因素(P值分别为0.246、0.216、0.406和0.090)。结论大学生地震基础知识掌握情况较好,但相应的地震逃生与救援训练开展不够。心理干预措施是影响震后学生心理状况的重要因素。今后高校应加强抗震逃生训练,提高学生震后应急能力;震后应尽早、科学地开展灾后心理干预,促进学生心理恢复。不同性别、专业背景和年级的学生间震后心理状况并无明显差异,应避免认识误区。 Objective To study the earthquake emergency response capability and post-earthquake psychological state of students after the Wenchuan earthquake. And also, to investigate the level of earthquake-related knowledge so as to provide basic information for enhancing the emergency response capabilities among college students. Methods We selected 1% Sichuan University students by convenience sample method and conducted the survey in person with a self-designed questionnaire. Results were analyzed with Epidata 3.0 and SPSS13.0 software. Results We distributed 527 questionnaires and 517 （97.27%） valid questionnaires were retrieved. Most college students had a good grasp of earthquake knowledge： 65.4% to 97.7% of the responders gave the correct answers, but only 12.77% said they had ever received earthquake survival training. 15.2% suffered from fear after the earthquake, 59.4% became uneasy, and 25.4% remained calm. Gender, grade, or major were not the factors influencing the psychological state of college students after the earthquake （P=0.246, 0.216, and 0.406, respectively）. Also, earthquake survival training did not influence the psychological state of college students after the earthquake （P=0.090）. Psychological intervention after the earthquake was identified as an important factor that affected the psychological state of students （P=0.002）. Conclusion CoUege students have a good grasp of the basic knowledge regarding earthquake, but relevant survival training is far from sufficient. Universities should strengthen earthquake survival training, enhance the post-earthquake emergency response capacity of students, and carry out post-disaster psychological intervention directly following an earthquake. There is no significant difference in the mental status among students of different genders, grades, or professional backgrounds.